With the increasing participation of women in the physician workforce, it is important to understand the sources of differences between male and female physicians' market labour supply for developing effective human resource policies in the health care sector. Gendered associations between family status and physician labour supply are explored in the Canadian labour market, where physicians are paid according to a common fee schedule and have substantial discretion in setting their hours of work. Canadian 1991, 1996, 2001 and 2006 twenty percent census files with 22,407 physician observations are used for the analysis. Although both male and female physicians have statistically indistinguishable hours of market work when never married and without children, married male physicians have higher market hours, and their hours are unchanged or increased with parenthood. In contrast, female physicians have lower market hours when married, and much lower hours when a parent. Little change over time in these patterns is observed for males, but for females two offsetting trends are observed: the magnitude of the marriage-hours effect declined, whereas that for motherhood increased. Preferences and/or social norms induce substantially different labour market outcomes. In terms of work at home, the presence of children is associated with higher hours for male physicians, but for females the hours increase is at least twice as large. A male physician's spouse is much less likely to be employed, and if employed, has lower market hours in the presence of children. In contrast, a female physician's spouse is more likely to be employed if there are three or more children. Both male and female physicians have lower hours of work when married to another physician. Overall, there is no gender difference in physician market labour supply after controlling for family status and demographics.

译文

随着妇女越来越多地参与医师工作,重要的是要了解男女医师市场劳动力供应之间的差异来源,以制定卫生保健部门的有效人力资源政策。在加拿大劳动力市场上探讨了家庭状况与医生劳动力供应之间的性别关联,在加拿大劳动力市场上,医生根据共同的收费表获得报酬,并在确定工作时间方面拥有很大的酌处权。分析使用加拿大1991,1996,2001和2006 20% 具有22,407医师观察结果的人口普查文件。尽管男性和女性医生在从未结婚和没有孩子的情况下在市场工作的时间在统计上没有区别,但已婚男性医生的市场工作时间较高,并且他们的工作时间不变或随着父母的身份而增加。相比之下,女医生结婚时的上市时间较低,而父母则较低。男性观察到这些模式随时间的变化很小,而女性观察到两个抵消趋势: 结婚时间影响的幅度下降,而母亲的影响则增加。偏好和/或社会规范导致了截然不同的劳动力市场结果。就在家工作而言,儿童的存在与男性医生的工作时间增加有关,但女性的工作时间增加至少是后者的两倍。男性医生的配偶受雇的可能性要小得多,如果受雇,在有孩子的情况下,其上市时间会减少。相比之下,如果有三个或三个以上的孩子,女医师的配偶更有可能被雇用。与另一位医生结婚时,男性和女性医生的工作时间都较低。总体而言,在控制了家庭状况和人口统计之后,医生市场劳动力供应没有性别差异。

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