Dietary intake has been hypothesized to be the major pathway of human exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). However, difficulties associated with the analysis of PFAAs at ultra trace levels in food samples have prevented the confirmation of this hypothesis. In this study, the dietary intake of PFAAs for the general Swedish population was estimated by applying a highly sensitive analytical method to a set of archived food market basket samples from 1999, 2005 and 2010. Dietary exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) (860-1440 pg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) (90-210 pg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) (50-110 pg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (70-80 pg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹) was dominated by the consumption of fish and meat. In contrast, dietary exposure to PFOA (350-690 pg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹) originated from low levels (8-62 pg g⁻¹) found in several high consumption food categories including cereals, dairy products, vegetables and fruit. The dietary intakes of PFOS and PFOA estimated in this study were 4 to 10 times lower compared to previous exposure modeling studies. Nevertheless, the dietary intake of PFOS and PFOA was still a factor of 6 to 10 higher than exposure through ingestion of household dust and drinking water estimated for the general Swedish population. For perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) drinking water intake was the major exposure pathway (36-53% of the total exposure) whereas dust ingestion made a significant contribution (27-49%) to the total exposure for PFHxA, PFHpA, PFNA, perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) and perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA). Dietary intakes varied by less than a factor of three for all PFAAs during the different sampling years which demonstrates that dietary intake has been fairly constant over the past decade when many manufacturing changes occurred.

译文

饮食摄入被认为是人类接触全氟烷基酸 (PFAAs) 的主要途径。然而,与食品样品中超痕量pfaa分析相关的困难阻碍了这一假设的确认。在这项研究中,通过对1999年,2005和2010的一组存档的食品市场篮子样本应用高度敏感的分析方法,估算了瑞典普通人群的pfaa饮食摄入量。饮食中全氟辛烷磺酸 (PFOS) (860-1440 pg kg-day-¹),全氟十一酸 (PFUnDA) (90-210 pg kg-¹ day-¹),全氟癸酸 (PFDA) (50-110 pg kg-day-¹) 和全氟壬酸 (PFNA) (70-80 pg kg-¹ day-¹) 以鱼和肉的消费为主。相比之下,饮食中PFOA的暴露 (350-690 pg kg-day-¹) 源自于几种高消费食品类别 (包括谷物,乳制品,蔬菜和水果) 中的低水平 (8-62 pg g-¹)。与以前的暴露模型研究相比,本研究中估计的全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷磺酸的饮食摄入量低4至10倍。然而,据估计,全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷磺酸的饮食摄入量仍比瑞典总人口摄入家庭灰尘和饮用水的暴露量高出6至10倍。对于全氟己酸 (PFHxA),全氟庚酸 (PFHpA) 和全氟己烷磺酸 (PFHxS),饮用水摄入量是主要的暴露途径 (占总暴露的36-53%),而粉尘摄入对PFHxA,PFHpA,PFNA的总暴露有重要贡献 (27-49%),全氟三癸酸 (PFTrDA) 和全氟十四烷酸 (PFTeDA)。在不同的采样年份中,所有pfaa的饮食摄入量变化不到三倍,这表明在过去十年中,许多制造业发生变化时,饮食摄入量一直相当稳定。

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