Peptide growth factors play an important role in several intracellular processes, such as cellular growth and differentiation, angiogenesis and apoptosis, as well as in carcinogenesis, since they contribute significantly to the malignant transformation. The prostate gland is abundant in growth factors. The two most known prostatic diseases, prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), are among the most common diseases that affect elderly men. This study was conducted using a quantitative real-time RT-PCR method in order to determine mRNA expression levels of peptide growth factors VEGF, FGF2, TGFB1, EGF, and IGF1 in tissue specimens from 42 patients with PCa, 42 with BPH, and 10 normal prostate samples obtained post-mortem from young individuals, in order to examine their association with prostatic hyperplasia and neoplasia. Our results show that in PCa, growth factors VEGF, EGF and FGF2 are overexpressed, while TGFB1 and IGF1 have reduced mRNA levels. In BPH, transcript levels of FGF2 and EGF are normal, while VEGF, TGFB1 and IGF1 exhibit downregulation. Further statistical analysis revealed that PCa patients with high levels of PSA blood levels have decreased FGF2 expression (p=0.016). Additionally, cancer patients with low Gleason score (<7) have increased EGF (p=0.035) and IGF1 (p=0.031) mRNA levels. IGF1 levels are also elevated in tumors with TNM stages T1-T2 (p=0.030). In BPH, older patients have reduced EGF expression (p=0.018), while IGF1 is overexpressed in younger patients (p=0.041). Additionally, the co-expression pattern of the five studied growth factors differs significantly among normal, benign and malignant prostate. These results implicate VEGF, FGF2, TGFB1, EGF and IGF1 in the development of both PCa and BPH, rendering them potential targets for disease detection, monitoring and therapy.

译文

肽生长因子在多种细胞内过程中起着重要作用,例如细胞生长和分化,血管生成和凋亡以及致癌作用,因为它们对恶性转化有重要作用。前列腺富含生长因子。前列腺癌 (PCa) 和良性前列腺增生 (BPH) 这两种最著名的前列腺疾病是影响老年男性的最常见疾病。本研究采用实时定量rt-pcr方法,以测定42例PCa患者组织标本中肽生长因子VEGF,FGF2,TGFB1,EGF和IGF1的mRNA表达水平,为了检查他们与前列腺增生和肿瘤的关系,从年轻人的死后获得了10个正常的前列腺样本。我们的结果表明,在PCa中,生长因子VEGF,EGF和FGF2过表达,而TGFB1和IGF1的mRNA水平降低。在BPH中,FGF2和EGF的转录水平正常,而VEGF,TGFB1和IGF1表现出下调。进一步的统计分析显示,PSA血高水平的PCa患者FGF2表达降低 (p = 0.016)。此外,低Gleason评分 (<7) 的癌症患者具有增加的EGF (p = 0.035) 和IGF1 (p = 0.031) mRNA水平。在TNM分期T1-T2的肿瘤中,IGF1水平也升高 (p = 0.030)。在BPH中,老年患者的EGF表达降低 (p = 0.018),而IGF1在年轻患者中过表达 (p = 0.041)。此外,在正常,良性和恶性前列腺中,研究的五种生长因子的共表达模式显着不同。这些结果表明VEGF,FGF2,TGFB1,EGF和IGF1参与了PCa和BPH的发展,使它们成为疾病检测,监测和治疗的潜在目标。

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