Parkinson's disease (PD) afflicts millions of people worldwide. There are numerous drugs available for PD; however, levodopa remains the gold standard of pharmacotherapy to which all other therapies are compared. Levodopa is quite effective for many motor symptoms (bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity) of PD; however, non-levodopa-responsive motor symptoms (postural instability) and nonmotor symptoms are frequently the most troublesome in middle and later stages of disease. Although motor symptoms remain an important focus for emerging drugs, current research is largely geared to identify and develop disease-slowing therapies. Another important area of focus has become treatment of the nonmotor symptoms of PD (especially depression and dementia). This review discusses emerging drugs in the management of the motor and nonmotor symptoms of PD and drugs under study as disease-slowing/neuroprotective agents.

译文

帕金森氏病 (PD) 困扰着全世界数百万人。有许多可用于PD的药物; 但是,左旋多巴仍然是药物治疗的金标准,所有其他疗法都可以与之进行比较。左旋多巴对PD的许多运动症状 (运动迟缓,震颤,僵硬) 非常有效; 但是,非左旋多巴反应的运动症状 (姿势不稳) 和非运动症状通常在疾病的中期和晚期最麻烦。尽管运动症状仍然是新兴药物的重要焦点,但目前的研究主要是为了识别和开发减缓疾病的疗法。另一个重要的重点领域是治疗PD的非运动症状 (尤其是抑郁症和痴呆症)。这篇综述讨论了治疗PD的运动和非运动症状的新兴药物以及正在研究的作为疾病减缓/神经保护剂的药物。

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