Many studies have shown how a 'paternal effect' can cause repeated assisted reproduction failures. In particular, with increasing experience of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), it became evident that spermatozoa from some patients repeatedly fail to form viable embryos, although they can fertilize the oocyte and trigger early preimplantation development. Many authors have shown how this paternal effect can be traced back to anomalies in sperm chromatin organization: the spermatozoa of subfertile men are characterized by numerical abnormalities in spermatozoal chromosome content, Y chromosome microdeletions, alterations in the epigenetic regulation of paternal genome and non-specific DNA strand breaks. In particular, pathologically increased sperm DNA fragmentation is one of the main paternal-derived causes of repeated assisted reproduction failures in the ICSI era. The intention of this review is to describe nuclear sperm DNA damage, with emphasis on its clinical significance and its relationship with male infertility. Assessment of sperm DNA damage appears to be a potential tool for evaluating semen samples prior to their use in assisted reproduction, helping to select spermatozoa with intact DNA or with the least amount of DNA damage for use in assisted conception.

译文

许多研究表明,“父系效应” 如何导致反复的辅助生殖失败。特别是,随着卵胞浆内单精子注射 (ICSI) 经验的增加,很明显,尽管某些患者的精子可以使卵母细胞受精并触发早期植入前发育,但它们反复未能形成存活的胚胎。许多作者已经证明了这种父系效应如何可以追溯到精子染色质组织的异常: 不育男性的精子的特征是精子染色体含量,Y染色体微缺失,父系基因组表观遗传调控的改变和非特异性DNA链断裂。特别是,病理上增加的精子DNA片段化是ICSI时代反复辅助生殖失败的主要父亲来源原因之一。这篇综述的目的是描述核精子DNA损伤,重点介绍其临床意义及其与男性不育的关系。精子DNA损伤的评估似乎是在精液样本用于辅助生殖之前评估精液样本的潜在工具,有助于选择DNA完整或DNA损伤最少的精子用于辅助受孕。

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