Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by excessive weight loss, persistent food restriction and inappropriate physical activity relative to declining energy balance. The comorbidity with depression and/or anxiety disorders might contribute to the "chronicization" of the disease. We aimed here to question first the link between physical activity and anxiety from a clinical investigation of AN patients (n = 206). Then, using a rodent model mimicking numerous physiological and metabolic alterations commonly seen in AN patients, we examined whether 1) chronic food restriction increased anxiety-like behaviour and 2) physical activity plays a role in regulating anxiety levels. To this end, we exposed young female mice to a chronic food restriction (FR, n = 8) paradigm combined or not with access to a running wheel (FRW, n = 8) for two weeks. The mice were compared to a group of mice fed ad libitum without (AL, n = 6) or with running wheel access (ALW, n = 8). We explored anxiety-like behaviour of all mice in the following tests: hyponeophagia, marble burying, elevated plus maze, open field, and the light and dark box. On the last day, we used a restraint test of 30 min duration and measured their stress reactivity by assaying plasma corticosterone. In the open field and the elevated plus-maze, we found that FRW mice behaved similarly to AL and ALW mice whereas FR mice did not express anxiety-like behaviour. The FRW mice displayed the lowest latency to reach the food in the hyponeophagia test. Regarding stress reactivity, FRW mice exhibited corticosterone reactivity after acute stress that was similar to the control mice, while FR mice did not fully return to basal corticosterone at one hour after the restraint stress. Taken together, these data demonstrate a differential reactivity to acute stress in FR conditions and a beneficial effect of running wheel activity in ALW and FRW conditions. Moreover, we report the absence of a typical anxiety-like behaviour associated with the food restriction (FR and FRW groups). We conclude that this model (FR and FRW mice) did not express typical anxiety-like behaviour, but that physical activity linked to food restriction improved coping strategies in an anxiogenic context.

译文

神经性厌食症 (AN) 是一种饮食失调,其特征是过度减肥,持续的食物限制和相对于能量平衡下降的不适当的身体活动。与抑郁症和/或焦虑症的合并症可能会导致疾病的 “编年史”。我们的目的是首先从对患者 (n = 206) 的临床研究中质疑体育锻炼与焦虑之间的联系。然后,使用模仿患者中常见的许多生理和代谢变化的啮齿动物模型,我们检查了1) 慢性食物限制是否会增加类似焦虑的行为,以及2) 体育锻炼是否在调节焦虑水平中起作用。为此,我们将年轻的雌性小鼠暴露于慢性食物限制 (FR,n = 8) 范例中,或者不使用滚轮 (FRW,n = 8),持续两周。将小鼠与无 (AL,n = 6) 或有运行轮通道 (ALW,n = 8) 随意喂食的一组小鼠进行比较。我们在以下测试中探索了所有小鼠的焦虑样行为: 吞咽功能减退,大理石掩埋,高架加迷宫,开阔的田野以及明暗的盒子。在最后一天,我们进行了30分钟的约束测试,并通过测定血浆皮质酮来测量其应激反应性。在开阔的田野和高架迷宫中,我们发现FRW小鼠的行为与AL和ALW小鼠相似,而FR小鼠则不表达类似焦虑的行为。在低吞噬试验中,FRW小鼠显示出到达食物的最低潜伏期。关于应激反应性,FRW小鼠在急性应激后表现出与对照小鼠相似的皮质酮反应性,而FR小鼠在约束应激后一小时未完全恢复到基础皮质酮。总之,这些数据证明了FR条件下对急性应力的不同反应性,以及ALW和FRW条件下车轮活动的有益作用。此外,我们报告没有与食物限制相关的典型焦虑样行为 (FR和FRW组)。我们得出的结论是,该模型 (FR和FRW小鼠) 没有表达典型的焦虑样行为,但是与食物限制相关的体育锻炼改善了焦虑发生背景下的应对策略。

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