Chargaff's second parity rules for mononucleotides and oligonucleotides (CIImono and CIIoligo rules) state that a sufficiently long (> 100 kb) strand of genomic DNA that contains N copies of a mono- or oligonucleotide, also contains N copies of its reverse complementary mono- or oligonucleotide on the same strand. There is very strong support in the literature for the validity of the rules in coding and noncoding regions, especially for the CIImono rule. Because the experimental support for the CIIoligo rule is much less complete, the present article, focusing on the special case of trinucleotides (triplets), examined several gigabases of genome sequences from a wide range of species and kingdoms including organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. I found that all genomes, with the only exception of certain mitochondria, complied with the CIItriplet rule at a very high level of accuracy in coding and noncoding regions alike. Based on the growing evidence that genomes may contain up to millions of copies of interspersed repetitive elements, I propose in this article a quantitative formulation of the hypothesis that inversions and inverted transposition could be a major contributing if not dominant factor in the almost universal validity of the rules.

译文

Chargaff的单核苷酸和寡核苷酸的第二个奇偶校验规则 (CIImono和CIIoligo规则) 指出,包含N个单核苷酸或寡核苷酸拷贝的足够长 (> 100 kb) 的基因组DNA链也在同一链上包含N个其反向互补的单核苷酸或寡核苷酸的拷贝。文献中非常支持规则在编码和非编码区域中的有效性,尤其是CIImono规则。由于对CIIoligo规则的实验支持还不那么完整,因此本文着重于三核苷酸 (三胞胎) 的特殊情况,研究了来自多种物种和王国的基因组序列的几个千兆字节,包括线粒体等细胞器和叶绿体。我发现,除某些线粒体外,所有基因组在编码和非编码区中都以非常高的准确性遵守CIItriplet规则。基于越来越多的证据表明基因组可能包含多达数百万个副本的穿插重复元素,我在本文中提出了一个定量的假设,即倒置和倒置转座可能是几乎普遍有效的主要因素,即使不是主导因素。规则。

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