Currently, a gold standard for distinguishing between infectious, inflammatory, auto-immune diseases and malignancy in infants and children is not available. The combination of biomarkers with clinical features and other diagnostic tests could help clinicians in the diagnostic process. Ideally, a biomarker should have high sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value, as well as being easily obtained also in preterm babies and infants, requiring a small amount of blood and being quickly measured. The available literature agrees on the fact that a “perfect” biomarker is not currently available in paediatric practice. Thus, clinicians must consider time by time the balance between marker characteristics and their sensitivity and specificity in different conditions. The development of new tests with higher sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing different pathological situations is auspicable. Moreover, future efforts should be focused on validating also in children the recently developed biomarkers including CD64, IL-27 and IL-8.

译文

目前,尚无区分婴儿和儿童感染,炎症,自身免疫性疾病和恶性肿瘤的金标准。生物标志物与临床特征和其他诊断测试相结合可以帮助临床医生进行诊断过程。理想情况下,生物标志物应具有高灵敏度,特异性和预测价值,并且在早产婴儿和婴儿中也容易获得,需要少量血液并且可以快速测量。现有文献同意这样一个事实,即目前儿科实践中没有一个完美的生物标志物。因此,临床医生必须在不同条件下逐次考虑标志物特征及其敏感性和特异性之间的平衡。在区分不同病理情况时,开发具有更高敏感性和特异性的新测试是可以的。此外,未来的努力应该集中在验证儿童最近开发的生物标志物,包括CD64、IL-27和IL-8。

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