In the present study it was investigated whether the smaller P3s in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children are caused by a shortage of capacity underlying P3 processes or whether they are due to a capacity allocation problem. Also, effects of methylphenidate on these processes were investigated. Performance and event-related potentials (ERPs) of 14 ADHD and 14 control children were measured using an irrelevant-probe technique. Three types of task irrelevant visual probes (standards, deviants, and novels) were presented against the background of two visual tasks that varied in task difficulty. The parietal P3 wave was measured in response to task stimuli and probes. ADHD subjects made significantly fewer correct detections than normal controls in both the easy and the hard tasks. Controls showed an enhanced P3 to task-relevant stimuli in the hard task, whereas ADHD children did not. Probe (novel) P3 amplitudes decreased from the easy to the hard task to the same extent in both groups. Methylphenidate enhanced the percentage of correct responses and task P3 amplitudes in both the easy and the hard task but probe P3 amplitudes were not influenced by methylphenidate. It was concluded that ADHD children do not suffer from a shortage in attentional capacity; rather, the evidence is in favor of a problem with capacity allocation. Furthermore, methylphenidate had enhancing effects on performance and ERPs, but did not improve the capacity-allocation deficit.

译文

在本研究中,研究了注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童中较小的P3是由于P3进程潜在的能力不足引起的,还是由于能力分配问题引起的。同样,研究了哌醋甲酯对这些过程的影响。使用无关探针技术测量了14名ADHD和14名对照儿童的表现和与事件相关的电位(ERP)。在任务难度各不相同的两个视觉任务的背景下,提出了三种与任务无关的视觉探针(标准,变形和小说)。响应于任务刺激和探头,测量了顶P3波。无论是简单的任务还是困难的任务,ADHD受试者进行的正确检测均明显少于正常对照。对照显示,在艰苦的任务中,P3对任务相关刺激的增强,而多动症儿童则没有。两组的探针(新)P3振幅从简单到困难都下降了相同的程度。哌醋甲酯提高了简单任务和艰苦任务中正确响应和任务P3幅度的百分比,但探针P3幅度不受哌醋甲酯影响。结论是,多动症儿童不会遭受注意力不足的困扰。相反,证据支持能力分配问题。此外,哌醋甲酯对性能和ERP有增强作用,但并未改善容量分配不足。

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