Methylphenidate (MPH) is a stimulant that increases extracellular levels of dopamine and noradrenaline. It can diminish risky decision-making tendencies in certain clinical populations. MPH is also used, without license, by healthy adults, but the impact on their decision-making is not well established. Previous work has found that dopamine receptor activity of healthy adults can modulate the influence of stake magnitude on decisions to persistently gamble after incurring a loss. In this study, we tested for modulation of this effect by MPH in 40 healthy human adults. In a double-blind experiment, 20 subjects received 20 mg of MPH, while 20 matched controls received a placebo. All were provided with 30 rounds of opportunities to accept an incurred loss from their assets or opt for a "double-or-nothing" gamble that would either avoid or double it. Rounds began with a variable loss that would double with every failed gamble until it was accepted, recovered, or reached a specified maximum. Probability of recovery on any gamble was low and ambiguous. Subjects receiving placebo gambled less as the magnitude of the stake was raised and as the magnitude of accumulated loss escalated over the course of the task. In contrast, subjects treated with MPH gambled at a consistent rate, well above chance, across all stakes and trials. Trait reward responsiveness also reduced the impact of high stakes. The findings suggest that elevated catecholamine activity by MPH can disrupt inhibitory influences on persistent risky choice in healthy adults.

译文

:哌醋甲酯(MPH)是一种兴奋剂,可增加细胞内多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素的水平。它可以减少某些临床人群的风险决策倾向。健康成年人还未经许可使用了MPH,但对他们的决策影响尚不明确。先前的工作已经发现,健康成年人的多巴胺受体活性可以调节赌注数量对决策的影响,从而在造成损失后持续进行赌博。在这项研究中,我们测试了40名健康成年人中MPH对这种作用的调节作用。在双盲实验中,有20名受试者接受了20 mg的MPH,而20名匹配的对照组接受了安慰剂。为所有人提供了30轮机会,让他们接受资产蒙受的损失或选择避免或加倍的“双赢”赌博。回合以可变损失开始,每次失败的赌博都会加倍,直到被接受,恢复或达到指定的最大值。任何赌博都能恢复的机率低而模棱两可。接受安慰剂的受试者随着任务量的增加以及在整个任务过程中累积损失量的增加而进行的赌博较少。相比之下,接受MPH治疗的受试者在所有赌注和试验中都以一致的速度赌博,远高于机会。特质奖励响应能力也降低了高额赌注的影响。研究结果表明,MPH升高的儿茶酚胺活性可以破坏对健康成年人持续性风险选择的抑制作用。

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