The prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells of the colon exist in a highly complex, but harmonious relationship. Disturbances in this remarkable symbiosis can result in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Although the etiology of IBD is not entirely understood, it is known that the chronic inflammation of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and chronic pouchitis are a result of an overly aggressive immune response to the commensal intestinal flora in genetically susceptible hosts. Recent studies have enhanced our ability to understand the interaction between the host and its intestinal microflora and the role the microflora plays in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. As we begin to understand the benefits conferred to the intestine by the microflora, the notion of modifying the composition of the bacterial load to improve human health has arisen. A significant body of research now exists investigating the role of probiotics and prebiotics in ameliorating chronic intestinal inflammation. This article will begin with an overview of the role of the commensal microflora in maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis, and how a dysregulated immune response to the intestinal microflora results in IBD. This will be followed by a summary of the use of probiotics and prebiotics in experimental and human IBD.

译文

:结肠的原核和真核细胞以高度复杂但和谐的关系存在。这种明显的共生障碍可能导致炎症性肠病(IBD)的发展。尽管尚未完全了解IBD的病因,但众所周知,克罗恩病,溃疡性结肠炎和慢性囊炎的慢性炎症是对遗传易感宿主中共生肠道菌群过度攻击性免疫反应的结果。最近的研究增强了我们理解宿主与其肠道菌群之间相互作用以及菌群在维持肠道稳态中所起的作用的能力。当我们开始理解微生物群落赋予肠道的益处时,就出现了改变细菌载量组成以改善人体健康的想法。现在,存在大量的研究机构正在研究益生菌和益生元在缓解慢性肠道炎症中的作用。本文将首先概述共生菌群在维持粘膜免疫稳态方面的作用,以及对肠道菌群免疫反应失调如何导致IBD。随后将概述在实验性和人IBD中使用益生菌和益生元。

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