Treatments for chronic pain are inadequate, and new options are needed. Nonpharmaceutical approaches are especially attractive with many potential advantages including safety. Light therapy has been suggested to be beneficial in certain medical conditions such as depression, but this approach remains to be explored for modulation of pain. We investigated the effects of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), in the visible spectrum, on acute sensory thresholds in naive rats as well as in experimental neuropathic pain. Rats receiving green LED light (wavelength 525 nm, 8 h/d) showed significantly increased paw withdrawal latency to a noxious thermal stimulus; this antinociceptive effect persisted for 4 days after termination of last exposure without development of tolerance. No apparent side effects were noted and motor performance was not impaired. Despite LED exposure, opaque contact lenses prevented antinociception. Rats fitted with green contact lenses exposed to room light exhibited antinociception arguing for a role of the visual system. Antinociception was not due to stress/anxiety but likely due to increased enkephalins expression in the spinal cord. Naloxone reversed the antinociception, suggesting involvement of central opioid circuits. Rostral ventromedial medulla inactivation prevented expression of light-induced antinociception suggesting engagement of descending inhibition. Green LED exposure also reversed thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in rats with spinal nerve ligation. Pharmacological and proteomic profiling of dorsal root ganglion neurons from green LED-exposed rats identified changes in calcium channel activity, including a decrease in the N-type (CaV2.2) channel, a primary analgesic target. Thus, green LED therapy may represent a novel, nonpharmacological approach for managing pain.

译文

慢性疼痛的治疗方法不足,需要新的选择。非药物方法特别有吸引力,具有许多潜在的优势,包括安全性。已建议在某些医学状况 (例如抑郁症) 中使用光疗法是有益的,但是这种方法仍有待探索以调节疼痛。我们研究了可见光谱中的发光二极管 (led) 对幼稚大鼠以及实验性神经性疼痛的急性感觉阈值的影响。接受绿色LED光 (波长525 nm,8 h/d) 的大鼠对有害的热刺激表现出明显增加的爪子退缩潜伏期; 这种抗伤害感受作用在最后一次暴露终止后持续了4天,而没有产生耐受性。没有发现明显的副作用,并且运动性能没有受到损害。尽管有LED暴露,但不透明的隐形眼镜可防止伤害。装有绿色隐形眼镜的大鼠暴露于室内光线下,表现出抗伤害感受,主张视觉系统的作用。抗伤害感受不是由于压力/焦虑,而是由于脊髓中脑啡肽的表达增加。纳洛酮逆转了抗伤害感受,表明中枢阿片样物质回路参与。延髓腹内侧髓质失活阻止了光诱导的抗伤害感受的表达,表明参与了下降抑制作用。绿色LED暴露还可以逆转脊髓神经结扎大鼠的热和机械痛觉过敏。来自绿色LED暴露大鼠的背根神经节神经元的药理和蛋白质组学分析确定了钙通道活性的变化,包括主要镇痛靶标N型 (CaV2.2) 通道的减少。因此,绿色LED疗法可能代表了一种新颖的非药物治疗疼痛的方法。

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