The 2.4 billion working people in the developing countries often have to endure employment conditions, which do not meet even basic occupational safety and health (OSH) standards. The lack of work safety, excessive work loads, and occupational physical, chemical and biological exposures result in occupational diseases, injuries and as many as 1.2 million fatalities each year. Furthermore, as little as 15% of workers in the developing countries have access to occupational health and safety services. Some collaboration between the industrialized and developing countries in the field of OSH has been practiced for 30 years but its volume has been modest compared to other sectors of development assistance. The lessons learned from 30 years of experience are that the most important OSH improving factors in developing countries include legal and policy instruments, national OSH programs, infrastructure for OSH implementation, and OSH services. The establishment of OSH expert human resources, centers serving as engines for research, training, as well as information and registration systems can also be considered as key factors in any such collaboration. A convincing government OSH policy, and close cooperation between social partners and the government are also critical factors that guarantee sustainable OSH programs in a developing country over a long-term basis.

译文

:发展中国家的24亿劳动人口常常不得不忍受甚至不符合基本职业安全与卫生(OSH)标准的就业条件。缺乏工作安全,工作量过多以及职业的物理,化学和生物暴露会导致职业病,伤害和每年多达120万人的死亡。此外,发展中国家只有15%的工人可以获得职业健康和安全服务。工业化国家和发展中国家之间在职业安全与卫生领域进行了一些合作,这种合作已经进行了30年,但与其他发展援助部门相比,其合作规模并不大。从30年的经验中吸取的教训是,发展中国家最重要的职业安全与卫生改善因素包括法律和政策工具,国家职业安全与卫生计划,实施职业安全与卫生的基础设施以及职业安全与卫生服务。建立职业安全与卫生专家人力资源,充当研究,培训引擎以及信息和注册系统的中心也可以被视为任何此类合作的关键因素。令人信服的政府职业安全与卫生政策以及社会伙伴与政府之间的紧密合作也是确保发展中国家长期可持续的职业安全与卫生计划的关键因素。

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