Neurons are specialized cells with a complex architecture that includes elaborate dendritic branches and a long, narrow axon that extends from the cell body to the synaptic terminal. The organized transport of essential biological materials throughout the neuron is required to support its growth, function, and viability. In this review, we focus on insights that have emerged from the genetic analysis of long-distance axonal transport between the cell body and the synaptic terminal. We also discuss recent genetic evidence that supports the hypothesis that disruptions in axonal transport may cause or dramatically contribute to neurodegenerative diseases.

译文

神经元是具有复杂结构的专门细胞,包括复杂的树突状分支和从细胞体延伸到突触末端的长而狭窄的轴突。需要有组织的重要生物材料在整个神经元中进行运输,以支持其生长,功能和生存能力。在这篇综述中,我们集中于从细胞体与突触末端之间的远距离轴突运输的遗​​传分析中得出的见解。我们还讨论了最新的遗传学证据,这些证据支持以下假设:轴突运输中断可能导致或严重导致神经退行性疾病。

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