BACKGROUND:Injections can transmit infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), and precipitate poliomyelitis. Complications such as injection abscesses and nerve damage may also occur. It is estimated that 50% of the injections given in developing countries are unsafe. However, limited information is available from India. We planned a pilot study to assess the prevalence of injection use and the knowledge of the community and private medical practitioners (PMPs) about injection use. METHODS:One in every four houses in the village under study was selected by systematic random sampling. One adult (> 18 years) respondent in the family was asked questions about family members receiving injections in the past 6 months. Nine PMPs were interviewed about their knowledge and practices regarding injection use. RESULTS:In the past six months, 1280 family members in 285 houses received 1575 injections (2.46 injections per person per year). About 35% had received at least one injection in the past 6 months. Children below 5 years received 3.1 injections/child/year of which about 60% were preventive. On their last visit to a health facility, 55% of the subjects were given injections using disposable syringes. About 45% of the 285 respondents knew that diseases could be spread by improper use of injections. While 18% of the respondents said they would prefer injections, 54% preferred oral medications if both were equally effective. After being told the average cost of disposable needles and syringes, 92% of the respondents were willing to buy them. None of the 9 PMPs practising in the village were formally trained in modern medicine. On the day of observation, 18 of 58 patients (30%) seen by PMPs were given injections. Three injections were observed and though they were all given with disposable syringes, the technique of administration did not follow standard guidelines in any. Two PMPs did not know of any disease transmitted by injections. The syringes were usually thrown in a nearby drain or outside the village. Four PMPs said that patients themselves did not ask for injections. CONCLUSION:The use of injections in the study area was high. The PMPs were not only giving a high number of injections but the technique of administration was also wrong. The community was less likely to ask for injections on their own but was willing to buy disposable syringes and needles. The awareness about the risk of injections was low.

译文

背景:注射液可传播人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV),乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)和丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)等感染,并导致脊髓灰质炎。也可能发生并发症如注射脓肿和神经损伤。据估计,在发展中国家注射的50%是不安全的。但是,印度提供的信息有限。我们计划进行一项试点研究,以评估注射使用的流行程度以及社区和私人执业医师(PMP)关于注射使用的知识。
方法:通过系统随机抽样,在研究的村庄中每四间房屋中选择一个。在家庭中一名成年人(> 18岁)的受访者被问到有关家庭成员在过去6个月中接受注射的问题。采访了九名PMP,了解他们在注射方面的知识和做法。
结果:在过去六个月中,在285个房屋中的1280个家庭成员接受了1575次注射(每人每年2.46次注射)。在过去的6个月中,约35%的人至少接受过一次注射。 5岁以下的儿童/儿童/年接受3.1针注射,其中约60%是预防性的。在他们最后一次访问医疗机构时,有55%的受试者使用了一次性注射器进行注射。 285名受访者中约有45%知道,不当使用注射剂可能会传播疾病。尽管18%的受访者表示他们更喜欢注射剂,但54%的受访者表示如果两者都同样有效,他们更喜欢口服药物。在被告知一次性针头和注射器的平均成本后,有92%的受访者愿意购买它们。该村的9名PMP均未接受过现代医学的正式培训。在观察当天,在接受PMP治疗的58位患者中,有18位(30%)进行了注射。观察到了三个注射剂,尽管它们都是用一次性注射器注射的,但给药技术均未遵循标准指南。两名PMP不知道注射引起的任何疾病。通常将注射器扔到附近的排水沟或村庄外。四个PMP表示患者本身没有要求打针。
结论:研究区域的注射剂使用率很高。 PMPs不仅要进行大量注射,而且给药技术也是错误的。社区不太可能自行要求打针,但愿意购买一次性注射器和针头。对注射风险的认识很低。

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