Up until recently, Australia was considered free of Leishmania due to the absence of phlebotomine sandfly species (Diptera: Phlebotominae) known to transmit Leishmania parasites in other parts of the world. The discovery of Leishmania (Mundinia) macropodum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in Northern Australia sparked questions as to the existence of alternative vectors of Leishmania. This has added to the complexity of fully understanding the parasite's interaction with its vector, which is known to be very specific. Previous findings demonstrated L. macropodum infection beyond the blood meal stage in the day-biting midges Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) implicating them in the parasite's life cycle. Currently, there is no conclusive evidence demonstrating this suspected vector to transmit L. macropodum to a naïve host. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the vector competency of day-biting midge F. (Lasiohelea) to transmit L. macropodum utilising a novel technology that preserves nucleic acids. Honey-soaked Flinders Technology Associates (FTA®) filter-paper cards were used to obtain saliva expectorated from biting midges while sugar-feeding. F. (Lasiohelea) were aspirated directly off macropods from a known Leishmania-transmission site and were kept in a waxed-paper container holding a honey-coated FTA® card for feeding. Insect identification and Taqman quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) screening assays revealed L. macropodum DNA in F. (Lasiohelea) up to 7 days post field-collection, and in an unidentified biting midge, previously known as F. (Lasiohelea) sp.1. Moreover, 7/145 (4.83%) of FTA® cards were confirmed positive with L. macropodum DNA after exposure to field-collected F. (Lasiohelea). Additionally, FTA® cards were found to be a valuable surveillance tool, given the ease of use in the field and laboratory. Overall, our findings support previous reports on L. macropodum transmission by an alternative vector to phlebotomine sandflies. Further studies identifying and isolating infective L. macropodum promastigotes is necessary to resolve questions on the L. macropodum vector.

译文

:直到最近,由于在世界其他地方没有已知传播利什曼原虫寄生虫的毒理mine沙蝇物种(双翅目:Phlebotominae),澳大利亚被认为没有利什曼原虫。在北澳大利亚发现利什曼原虫(Mundinia)macropodum(Kinetoplastida:Trypanosomatidae)引发了人们对利什曼原虫替代载体的存在的疑问。这增加了充分了解寄生虫与其媒介的相互作用的复杂性,这是众所周知的。先前的发现表明,在咬咬mid虫(Lasiohelea)Kieffer(双翅目:Ceratopogonidae)的食血期之后,L。macropodum感染超过了寄生虫的生命周期。目前,尚无确凿证据表明该可疑载体将大脚乳杆菌传播至幼稚宿主。因此,本研究旨在利用一种保存核酸的新技术来研究咬日mid(Lasiohelea)传播大花胶球菌的载体能力。蜂蜜浸透的Flinders Technology Associates(FTA®)滤纸卡用于在喂糖时从咬咬mid虫中排出唾液。将F.(Lasiohelea)从已知的利什曼原虫传播地点直接从巨足类动物中吸出,并保存在装有蜂蜜涂层FTA®卡的蜡纸容器中进行喂养。昆虫鉴定和Taqman定量实时PCR(qPCR)筛选分析揭示了田间采集后长达7天的F.(Lasiohelea)中的L. macropodum DNA,以及在以前被称为F.(Lasiohelea)sp的不明咬人蚊中。 .1。此外,在暴露于田间采集的F.(Lasiohelea)后,证实了L. macropodum DNA的FTA®卡有7/145(4.83%)阳性。此外,由于FTA®卡在现场和实验室易于使用,因此被认为是一种有价值的监视工具。总的来说,我们的研究结果支持了以前关于巨脚乳杆菌通过除草胺sand替代载体传播的报道。进一步的研究,以鉴定和分离感染性大脚紫苏前鞭毛体对于解决关于大脚紫苏载体的问题是必要的。

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