BACKGROUND:Knockdown resistance (kdr) is a well-characterized target-site insecticide resistance mechanism that is associated with DDT and pyrethroid resistance. Even though insecticide resistance to pyrethroids and DDT have been reported in Anopheles albimanus, Anopheles benarrochi sensu lato (s.l.), Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles nuneztovari s.l., and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis s.l. malaria vectors in Latin America, there is a knowledge gap on the role that kdr resistance mechanisms play in this resistance. The aim of this study was to establish the role that kdr mechanisms play in pyrethroid and DDT resistance in the main malaria vectors in Colombia, in addition to previously reported metabolic resistance mechanisms, such as mixed function oxidases (MFO) and nonspecific esterases (NSE) enzyme families. METHODS:Surviving (n = 62) and dead (n = 67) An. nuneztovari s.l., An. darlingi and An. albimanus mosquitoes exposed to diagnostic concentrations of DDT and pyrethroid insecticides were used to amplify and sequence a ~ 225 bp fragment of the voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) gene. This fragment spanning codons 1010, 1013 and 1014 at the S6 segment of domain II to identify point mutations, which have been associated with insecticide resistance in different species of Anopheles malaria vectors. RESULTS:No kdr mutations were detected in the coding sequence of this fragment in 129 samples, 62 surviving mosquitoes and 67 dead mosquitoes, of An. darlingi, An. nuneztovari s.l. and An. albimanus. CONCLUSION:Mutations in the VGSC gene, most frequently reported in other species of the genus Anopheles resistant to pyrethroid and DDT, are not associated with the low-intensity resistance detected to these insecticides in some populations of the main malaria vectors in Colombia. These results suggest that metabolic resistance mechanisms previously reported in these populations might be responsible for the resistance observed.

译文

背景:击倒抗性(kdrdown)是一种特征明确的靶点杀虫剂抗性机制,与DDT和拟除虫菊酯抗性相关。尽管在白bi按蚊,按蚊Bennarrochi sensu lato(s.l.),达令按蚊Annueles narlingtovari s.l.和拟按蚊Anopheles pseudopunctipennis s.l.中已经报告了对拟除虫菊酯和DDT的杀虫剂抗性。在拉丁美洲的疟疾媒介中,关于kdr抗性机制在这种抗性中所起作用的知识差距很大。这项研究的目的是确定哥伦比亚除主要报道的代谢抗性机制(如混合功能氧化酶(MFO)和非特异性酯酶(NSE))外,kdr机制在哥伦比亚主要疟疾媒介中对拟除虫菊酯和滴滴涕抗性中的作用。酶家族。
方法:存活(n = 62)和死亡(n = 67)。 nuneztovari s.l.,An。达令吉和安。暴露于诊断浓度的滴滴涕和拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的白bi蚊被用来扩增和测序电压门控钠通道(VGSC)基因的〜225 bp片段。该片段跨越域II的S6区段的密码子1010、1013和1014,以识别点突变,该突变已与不同种类的按蚊疟疾载体中的杀虫剂抗性相关。
结果:在An的129个样品,62个存活的蚊子和67个死亡的蚊子中,在该片段的编码序列中未检测到kdr突变。达令吉努涅斯托瓦里湖和。 albimanus。
结论:VGSC基因的突变(在拟除虫菊酯和滴滴涕耐药的其他按蚊属的其他物种中最常报道)与在哥伦比亚一些主要疟疾媒介人群中对这些杀虫剂的低强度耐药性无关。这些结果表明,先前在这些人群中报道的代谢抗性机制可能是观察到的抗性的原因。

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