The clathrin, COPI and COPII scaffolds are paradigm vesicle coats in membrane trafficking. Recent advances in our understanding of the caveolar coat have generated a new paradigm. It represents those membrane coats, where a considerable part of the protein component is lipid modified, and integrated into the cytosolic leaflet of the vesicle membrane by a hairpin-like hydrophobic structure. Such coat proteins are permanently associated with membranes, and form oligomers early after synthesis. These oligomers assemble into a coat that has high affinity for particular lipids, creating lipid microdomains within the membrane. The combined protein-lipid structure should be considered as the scaffold that entraps ligands, either through affinity with the protein or with the lipid component, and that has the ability to shape membranes. Besides scaffolds assembled by caveolins, scaffolds assembled by reticulons and PHB domain-containing proteins such as the reggie/flotillin proteins fit this paradigm.

译文

:网格蛋白,COPI和COPII支架是膜运输中的范式囊泡衣。我们对小窝膜的了解的最新进展产生了新的范例。它代表了那些膜包衣,其中相当一部分蛋白质成分经过脂质修饰,并通过发夹状疏水结构整合到囊膜的胞浆小叶中。这样的外壳蛋白与膜永久结合,并在合成后早期形成寡聚物。这些低聚物组装成对特定脂质具有高亲和力的涂层,从而在膜内形成脂质微区。组合的蛋白质-脂质结构应被视为通过与蛋白质或脂质成分的亲和力捕获配体的支架,并具有使膜成型的能力。除了由小孔蛋白组装的支架之外,由网状蛋白和含PHB结构域的蛋白质(如reggie / flotillin蛋白质)组装的支架也适合该范式。

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