The expression and production of cytokines by cells of the innate immune system, including monocytes/macrophages, dendritic and NK cells, play a critical role not only in defensive and inflammatory but also in immunoregulatory and anti-/pro-tumoral processes. Studies performed in the last years have well ascertained that polymorphonuclear neutrophils can also be induced to express and produce chemokines, proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, angiogenic and fibrogenic cytokines, as well as ligands belonging to the TNF superfamily. Among the latter group of molecules, B-cell-activating factor (BAFF)/B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), known to be essential for B lymphocyte homeostasis and related pathologies, has recently been identified as one of the factors potentially expressed by human neutrophils. The addition of this novel TNF superfamily member, and more recently also of the closely related "A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand" (APRIL), to the list of cytokines produced by neutrophils not only testifies to the continuous growth of this area of investigation, but also implies the involvement of neutrophils in B-cell-dependent autoimmune diseases and tumors.

译文

天然免疫系统细胞(包括单核细胞/巨噬细胞,树突状细胞和NK细胞)表达和产生细胞因子,不仅在防御和炎症中起着关键作用,而且在免疫调节和抗肿瘤/促肿瘤过程中也起着至关重要的作用。近年来进行的研究已经确定,多形核中性粒细胞也可以被诱导表达和产生趋化因子,促炎,抗炎,免疫调节,血管生成和纤维生成细胞因子,以及属于TNF超家族的配体。在后一组分子中,B细胞活化因子(BAFF)/ B淋巴细胞刺激物(BLyS)是已知的B淋巴细胞稳态和相关病理必不可少的,最近已被确定为人类嗜中性粒细胞潜在表达的因子之一。在嗜中性粒细胞产生的细胞因子列表中增加了这种新的TNF超家族成员,以及最近与之密切相关的“增殖诱导配体”(APRIL),不仅证明了这一研究领域的持续发展,而且证明了这一领域的持续发展。还暗示嗜中性粒细胞参与B细胞依赖性自身免疫性疾病和肿瘤。

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