Maternal prenatal stress influences offspring neurodevelopment and birth outcomes including the ratio of males to females born; however, there is limited understanding of what types of stress matter, and for whom. Using a data-driven approach with 27 variables from questionnaires, ambulatory diaries, and physical assessments collected early in the singleton pregnancies of 187 women, 3 latent profiles of maternal prenatal stress emerged that were differentially associated with sex at birth, birth outcomes, and fetal neurodevelopment. Most women (66.8%) were in the healthy group (HG); 17.1% were in the psychologically stressed group (PSYG), evidencing clinically meaningful elevations in perceived stress, depression, and anxiety; and 16% were in the physically stressed group (PHSG) with relatively higher ambulatory blood pressure and increased caloric intake. The population normative male:female secondary sex ratio (105:100) was lower in the PSYG (2:3) and PHSG (4:9), and higher in the HG (23:18), consistent with research showing diminished male births in maternal stress contexts. PHSG versus HG infants were born 1.5 wk earlier (P < 0.05) with 22% compared to 5% born preterm. PHSG versus HG fetuses had decreased fetal heart rate-movement coupling (P < 0.05), which may indicate slower central nervous system development, and PSYG versus PHSG fetuses had more birth complications, consistent with previous findings among offspring of women with psychiatric illness. Social support most strongly differentiated the HG, PSYG, and PHSG groups, and higher social support was associated with increased odds of male versus female births. Stress phenotypes in pregnant women are associated with male vulnerability and poor fetal outcomes.

译文

:产前产前压力会影响后代神经发育和出生结局,包括出生时男女比例;然而,对于什么类型的压力以及谁的压力却知之甚少。使用数据驱动的方法,从187名妇女的单胎妊娠早期收集的问卷,动态日记和身体评估中收集到27个变量,得出了3种潜在的产前产前压力特征,这些特征与出生时的性别,分娩结局和胎儿有不同的相关性。神经发育。大多数妇女(66.8%)属于健康组(HG);心理压力组(PSYG)占17.1%,表明在感知压力,抑郁和焦虑方面具有临床意义的升高;身体压力组(PHSG)中有16%的患者具有较高的动态血压和较高的热量摄入。 PSYG(2:3)和PHSG(4:9)的人口规范男性与女性次要性别比(105:100)较低,而HG(23:18)较高,这与研究表明男性出生人数减少有关在孕产妇压力环境中。 PHSG和HG婴儿的出生时间早了1.5周(P <0.05),分别为22%和5%。 PHSG与HG胎儿的胎儿心率-运动耦合降低(P <0.05),这可能表明中枢神经系统发育较慢,而PSYG与PHSG胎儿的出生并发症更多,与先前患有精神病的妇女后代的发现一致。社会支持最能区分HG,PSYG和PHSG组,而更高的社会支持与男性和女性出生几率增加有关。孕妇的压力表型与男性脆弱性和不良的胎儿结局有关。

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