The yeast S. cerevisiae is a central model organism in eukaryotic cell studies and a major component in many food and biotechnological industrial processes. However, the wide knowledge regarding genetics and molecular biology of S. cerevisiae is based on an extremely narrow range of strains. Studies of natural populations of S. cerevisiae, not associated with human activities or industrial fermentation environments, are very few. We isolated a panel of S. cerevisiae strains from a natural microsite, "Evolution Canyon" at Mount Carmel, Israel, and studied their genomic biodiversity. Analysis of 19 microsatellite loci revealed high allelic diversity and variation in ploidy level across the panel, from diploids to tetraploids, confirmed by flow cytometry. No significant differences were found in the level of microsatellite variation between strains derived from the major localities or microniches, whereas strains of different ploidy showed low similarity in allele content. Maximum genetic diversity was observed among diploids and minimum among triploids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clonal, rather than sexual, structure of the triploid and tetraploid subpopulations. Viability tests in tetrad analysis also suggest that clonal reproduction may predominate in the polyploid subpopulations.

译文

:酿酒酵母是真核细胞研究中的中心模型生物,在许多食品和生物技术工业过程中都是主要成分。但是,关于酿酒酵母的遗传学和分子生物学的广泛知识是基于非常狭窄的菌株。与人类活动或工业发酵环境无关的酿酒酵母自然种群研究很少。我们从以色列卡梅尔山的天然微型站点“进化峡谷”中分离出一组酿酒酵母菌株,并研究了它们的基因组生物多样性。对19个微卫星基因座的分析显示,从二倍体到四倍体,整个等位基因组中的高等位基因多样性和倍性水平存在差异,这已通过流式细胞仪进行了确认。在来自主要地区或微生态位的菌株之间,微卫星变异水平没有发现显着差异,而具有不同倍性的菌株在等位基因含量上的相似性很低。在二倍体中观察到最大的遗传多样性,在三倍体中观察到最小的遗传多样性。系统发育分析显示三倍体和四倍体亚群的克隆结构,而不是有性结构。四元分析中的生存力测试还表明,在多倍体亚群中克隆繁殖可能占主导地位。

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