Over the past 50 years, annual killifishes arose as alternative model organisms for studies of vertebrate biology. The annual fish offers exceptional advantages for studies of genetics, genomics, developmental biology, population dynamics, ecology, biogeography, and evolution. They inhabit extremely variable freshwater environments in Africa and South America, have a short lifespan and a set of unique and fascinating developmental characteristics. Embryos survive within the dry substrate during the dry season, whereas the adult population dies. Thus, the survival of the populations is entirely dependent on the buried embryos that hatch the next rainy season. Although Old and New World species share similarities in their life cycle, they also have different adaptive responses associated with climate-related selective pressures. Therefore, contrasting different species from these areas is essential to understand unique adaptations to heterogeneous environment. A network of laboratories (United States, Czech Republic, Italy, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay) is working and collaborating on many aspects of the biology of annual fishes. Participating researchers share projects and cross-training undergraduate and graduate students. These efforts resulted in two International Symposia (2010 and 2015) that took place in Montevideo and an international book. Herein, we summarize the progress made by this global community of scientists. Developmental Dynamics 246:807-811, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

译文

:在过去的50年中,一年生的鳞鱼成为了脊椎动物生物学研究的替代模式生物。一年生鱼类为遗传学,基因组学,发育生物学,种群动态,生态学,生物地理学和进化研究提供了特殊的优势。它们居住在非洲和南美极为变化的淡水环境中,寿命短,并具有一系列独特而引人入胜的发展特征。在干旱季节,胚胎在干燥的基质内存活,而成年种群死亡。因此,种群的生存完全取决于下一个雨季孵化的埋葬胚胎。尽管旧大陆和新大陆物种在生命周期上具有相似之处,但它们也具有与气候相关的选择压力相关的不同适应性反应。因此,对比这些地区的不同物种对于了解对异质环境的独特适应性至关重要。实验室网络(美国,捷克共和国,意大利,巴西,智利和乌拉圭)正在与一年生鱼类生物学的许多方面进行合作。参与研究的人员共享项目,并对本科生和研究生进行交叉培训。这些努力导致在蒙得维的亚举行了两次国际研讨会(2010年和2015年)和一本国际书籍。在此,我们总结了这个全球科学家社区所取得的进展。 Developmental Dynamics 246:807-811,2017.©2017 Wiley Periodicals,Inc.

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