Societies' increasing need for energy storage makes it necessary to explore new concepts beyond the traditional lithium ion battery. A promising candidate is the lithium-sulfur technology with the potential to increase the energy density of the battery by a factor of 3-5. However, so far the many problems with the lithium-sulfur system have not been solved satisfactory. Here we report on a new approach utilizing a self-standing reduced graphene oxide based aerogel directly as electrodes, i.e. without further processing and without the addition of binder or conducting agents. We can thereby disrupt the common paradigm of "no battery without binder" and can pave the way to a lithium-sulfur battery with a high practical energy density. The aerogels are synthesized via a one-pot method and consist of more than 2/3 sulfur, contained inside a porous few-layered reduced graphene oxide matrix. By combining the graphene-based aerogel cathode with an electrolyte and a lithium metal anode, we demonstrate a lithium-sulfur cell with high areal capacity (more than 3 mAh/cm2 after 75 cycles), excellent capacity retention over 200 cycles and good sulfur utilization. Based on this performance we estimate that the energy density of this concept-cell can significantly exceed the Department of Energy (DEO) 2020-target set for transport applications.

译文

社会对储能的需求不断增长,因此有必要探索传统锂离子电池以外的新概念。一个有前途的候选者是锂硫技术,它有可能将电池的能量密度提高3-5倍。然而,到目前为止,锂硫系统的许多问题尚未得到令人满意的解决。在这里,我们报告了一种新的方法,该方法直接使用自立的还原氧化石墨烯基气凝胶作为电极,即无需进一步处理,也无需添加粘合剂或导电剂。因此,我们可以破坏 “没有粘合剂就没有电池” 的常见范例,并可以为具有高实用能量密度的锂硫电池铺平道路。气凝胶是通过一锅法合成的,并且由包含在多孔少层还原氧化石墨烯基质内的2/3多个硫组成。通过将石墨烯基气凝胶阴极与电解质和锂金属阳极相结合,我们证明了锂硫电池具有高面积容量 (75次循环后大于3 mah mah/cm2),在200次循环中具有出色的容量保持率和良好的硫利用率。基于这种性能,我们估计该概念单元的能量密度可以大大超过用于运输应用的能源部 (DEO) 2020目标。

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