Phosphate is one of the most costly and complex environmental pollutants that leads to eutrophication, which decreases water quality and access to clean water. Among different adsorbents, biochar is one of the promising adsorbents for phosphate removal as well as heavy metal removal from an aqueous solution. In this study, biochar was impregnated with nano zinc oxide in the presence of glycine betaine. The Zinc Oxide Betaine-Modified Biochar Nanocomposites (ZnOBBNC) proved to be an excellent adsorbent for the removal of phosphate, exhibiting a maximum adsorption capacity of phosphate (265.5 mg. g-1) and fast adsorption kinetics (~100% removal at 15 min at 10 mg. L-1 phosphate and 3 g. L-1 nanocomposite dosage) in phosphate solution. The synthesis of these benign ZnOBBNC involves a process that is eco-friendly and economically feasible. From material characterization, we found that the ZnOBBNC has ~20-30 nm particle size, high surface area (100.01 m2. g-1), microporous (25.79 Å) structures, and 7.64% zinc content. The influence of pH (2-10), coexisting anions (Cl-, CO32-, NO3- and SO43-), initial phosphate concentration (10-500 mg. L-1), and ZnOBBNC dosage (0.5-5 g. L-1) were investigated in batch experiments. From the adsorption isotherms data, the adsorption of phosphate using ZnOBBNC followed Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9616), confirming the mono-layered adsorption mechanism. The kinetic studies showed that the phosphate adsorption using ZnOBBNC followed the pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 1.0000), confirming the chemisorption adsorption mechanism with inner-sphere complexion. Our results demonstrated ZnOBBNC as a suitable, competitive candidate for phosphate removal from both mock lab-prepared and real field-collected wastewater samples when compared to commercial nanocomposites.

译文

磷酸盐是导致富营养化的最昂贵和最复杂的环境污染物之一,这会降低水质并获得清洁水。在不同的吸附剂中,生物炭是用于去除磷酸盐以及从水溶液中去除重金属的有前途的吸附剂之一。在这项研究中,在甘氨酸甜菜碱存在下,用纳米氧化锌浸渍生物炭。氧化锌甜菜碱改性的生物炭纳米复合材料 (ZnOBBNC) 被证明是去除磷酸盐的出色吸附剂,在磷酸盐溶液中表现出磷酸盐的最大吸附容量 (265.5 mg g-1) 和快速吸附动力学 (在10 mg L-1磷酸盐和3g L-1纳米复合材料剂量下15分钟去除约100%)。这些良性ZnOBBNC的合成涉及一种环保且经济可行的工艺。通过材料表征,我们发现ZnOBBNC具有〜20-30 nm的粒径,高表面积 (100.01平方米g-1),微孔 (25.79 Å) 结构和7.64% 的锌含量。在分批实验中研究了pH (2-10),共存阴离子 (Cl-,CO32-,NO3-和SO43-),初始磷酸盐浓度 (10-500 mg。L-1) 和ZnOBBNC剂量 (0.5-5g。L-1) 的影响。从吸附等温线数据来看,使用ZnOBBNC吸附磷酸盐遵循Langmuir等温线 (R2 = 0.9616),证实了单层吸附机理。动力学研究表明,使用ZnOBBNC的磷酸盐吸附遵循伪二阶模型 (R2 = 1.0000),证实了内球肤色的化学吸附机理。我们的结果表明,与商业纳米复合材料相比,ZnOBBNC是从模拟实验室制备的和实际现场收集的废水样品中去除磷酸盐的合适的,有竞争力的候选者。

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