To investigate how visual and vestibular cues are integrated for the perception of gravity during passive self-motion, we measured the ability to maintain a handheld object vertical relative to gravity without visual feedback during sinusoidal roll-tilt stimulation. Visual input, either concordant or discordant with actual dynamic roll-tilt, was delivered by a head-mounted display showing the laboratory. The four visual conditions were darkness, visual-vestibular concordance, stationary visual scene, and a visual scene 180 degrees phase-shifted relative to actual tilt. Tilt-indication performance using a solid, cylindrical joystick was better in the presence of concordant visual input relative to the other visual conditions. In addition, we compared performance when indicating the vertical by the joystick or a full glass of water. Subjects indicated the direction of gravity significantly better when holding the full glass of water than the joystick. Matching the inertial characteristics, including fluid properties, of the handheld object to the glass of water did not improve performance. There was no effect of visual input on tilt performance when using the glass of water to indicate gravitational vertical. The gain of object tilt motion did not change with roll-tilt amplitude and frequency (+/-7.5 degrees at 0.25 Hz, +/-10 degrees at 0.16 Hz, and +/-20 degrees at 0.08 Hz), however, the phase of object tilt relative to subject tilt showed significant phase-leads at the highest frequency tested (0.25 Hz). Comparison of the object and visual effects observed suggest that the task-dependent behavior change may be due to an attentional shift and/or shift in strategy.

译文

为了研究在被动自我运动过程中如何将视觉和前庭提示整合在一起以感知重力,我们测量了在正弦侧倾刺激过程中保持手持物体相对于重力垂直而没有视觉反馈的能力。通过显示实验室的头戴式显示器提供了与实际动态滚动倾斜一致或不一致的视觉输入。这四个视觉条件是黑暗,视觉-前庭一致,静止的视觉场景以及相对于实际倾斜180度相移的视觉场景。与其他视觉条件相比,在存在一致的视觉输入的情况下,使用实心圆柱操纵杆的倾斜指示性能更好。此外,我们比较了通过操纵杆或一整杯水指示垂直时的性能。当拿着满杯水时,受试者指示的重力方向比操纵杆好得多。将手持物体的惯性特性 (包括流体特性) 与水杯相匹配并不能改善性能。当使用水杯指示重力垂直时,视觉输入对倾斜性能没有影响。物体倾斜运动的增益不随侧倾振幅和频率变化 (在0.25Hz时 +/-7.5度,在0.16Hz时 +/-10度,在0.08Hz时 +/-20度),但是,相对于对象倾斜的相位在所测试的最高频率 (0.25Hz) 处显示出显著的相位超前。观察到的对象和视觉效果的比较表明,与任务相关的行为变化可能是由于注意力的转移和/或策略的转移。

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