The need to engage in multiple tasks simultaneously is often encountered in everyday experience, but coordinating between two or more tasks can lead to impaired performance. Typical investigations of multitasking impairments have focused on the performance of two tasks presented in close temporal proximity on discrete trials; however, such paradigms do not match well with the continuous performance situations more typically encountered outside the laboratory. As a result, the stages of information processing that are affected during multisensory continuous dual tasks and how these changes in processing relate to behavior remain unclear. To address these issues, participants were presented simultaneous rapid visual and auditory stimulus sequences under three conditions: attend visual only, attend auditory only, and dual attention (attend both visual and auditory). Performance, measured in terms of response time and perceptual sensitivity (d'), revealed dual-task impairments only in the auditory task. Neural activity, measured by the ERP technique, revealed that both early stage sensory processing and later cognitive processing of the auditory task were affected by dual-task performance, but similar stages of processing of the visual task were not. Critically, individual differences in neural activity at both early and late stages of information processing accurately rank-ordered individuals based on the observed difference in behavioral performance between the single and dual attention conditions. These results reveal relationships between behavioral performance and the neural correlates of both early and late stage information processing that provide key insights into the complex interplay between the brain and behavior when multiple tasks are performed continuously.

译文

在日常经验中经常会遇到同时从事多个任务的需求,但是在两个或多个任务之间进行协调可能会导致绩效受损。多任务损伤的典型研究集中在离散试验中在时间上非常接近的两个任务的性能上; 但是,这种范例与实验室外通常遇到的连续性能情况不太匹配。结果,在多感官连续双重任务期间受影响的信息处理阶段以及这些处理变化与行为之间的关系尚不清楚。为了解决这些问题,在三种情况下同时向参与者展示了快速的视觉和听觉刺激序列: 仅参加视觉,仅参加听觉和双重注意 (同时参加视觉和听觉)。以响应时间和感知灵敏度 (d') 衡量的性能仅在听觉任务中显示了双重任务障碍。通过ERP技术测量的神经活动表明,听觉任务的早期感觉处理和后来的认知处理都受到双重任务性能的影响,但视觉任务的相似处理阶段却没有。至关重要的是,在信息处理的早期和后期,神经活动的个体差异会根据观察到的单个和双重注意条件之间的行为表现差异,准确地对个体进行排序。这些结果揭示了行为表现与早期和晚期信息处理的神经相关性之间的关系,这些关系提供了对连续执行多个任务时大脑与行为之间复杂相互作用的关键见解。

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