Current methods for quality control of inactivated influenza vaccines prior to regulatory approval include determining the hemagglutinin (HA) content by single radial immunodiffusion (SRID), verifying neuraminidase (NA) enzymatic activity, and demonstrating that the levels of the contaminant protein ovalbumin are below a set threshold of 1 μg/dose. The SRID assays require the availability of strain-specific reference HA antigens and antibodies, the production of which is a potential rate-limiting step in vaccine development and release, particularly during a pandemic. Immune responses induced by neuraminidase also contribute to protection from infection; however, the amounts of NA antigen in influenza vaccines are currently not quantified or standardized. Here, we report a method for vaccine analysis that yields simultaneous quantification of HA and NA levels much more rapidly than conventional HA quantification techniques, while providing additional valuable information on the total protein content. Enzymatically digested vaccine proteins were analyzed by LC-MS(E), a mass spectrometric technology that allows absolute quantification of analytes, including the HA and NA antigens, other structural influenza proteins and chicken egg proteins associated with the manufacturing process. This method has potential application for increasing the accuracy of reference antigen standards and for validating label claims for HA content in formulated vaccines. It can also be used to monitor NA and chicken egg protein content in order to monitor manufacturing consistency. While this is a useful methodology with potential for broad application, we also discuss herein some of the inherent limitations of this approach and the care and caution that must be taken in its use as a tool for absolute protein quantification. The variations in HA, NA and chicken egg protein concentrations in the vaccines analyzed in this study are indicative of the challenges associated with the current manufacturing and quality control testing procedures.

译文

在法规批准之前对灭活流感疫苗进行质量控制的当前方法包括通过单次径向免疫扩散 (SRID) 确定血凝素 (HA) 含量,验证神经氨酸酶 (NA) 的酶活性,并证明污染物的水平卵清蛋白低于设定的阈值1 μ g/剂量。SRID检测需要菌株特异性参考HA抗原和抗体的可用性,其产生是疫苗开发和释放中潜在的限速步骤,尤其是在大流行期间。神经氨酸酶诱导的免疫反应也有助于预防感染; 然而,流感疫苗中NA抗原的量目前尚未量化或标准化。在这里,我们报告了一种疫苗分析方法,该方法比常规HA定量技术更快地同时定量HA和NA水平,同时提供有关总蛋白质含量的其他有价值的信息。酶消化的疫苗蛋白通过lc-ms (E) 进行分析,lc-ms是一种质谱技术,可以对分析物进行绝对定量,包括HA和NA抗原,与制造过程相关的其他结构性流感蛋白和鸡蛋蛋白。该方法在提高参考抗原标准的准确性和验证配方疫苗中HA含量的标签声明方面具有潜在的应用。它也可用于监测NA和鸡蛋蛋白含量,以监测制造一致性。尽管这是一种有用的方法,具有广泛的应用潜力,但我们在此也讨论了该方法的一些固有局限性以及在将其用作绝对蛋白质定量工具时必须采取的谨慎和谨慎。本研究中分析的疫苗中HA,NA和鸡蛋蛋白浓度的变化表明了与当前制造和质量控制测试程序相关的挑战。

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