Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) represents a powerful tool with which to examine brain functioning and development in typically developing pediatric groups as well as children and adolescents with clinical disorders. However, fMRI data can be highly susceptible to misinterpretation due to the effects of excessive levels of noise, often related to head motion. Imaging children, especially with developmental disorders, requires extra considerations related to hyperactivity, anxiety and the ability to perform and maintain attention to the fMRI paradigm. We discuss a number of methods that can be employed to minimize noise, in particular movement-related noise. To this end we focus on strategies prior to, during and following the data acquisition phase employed primarily within our own laboratory. We discuss the impact of factors such as experimental design, screening of potential participants and pre-scan training on head motion in our adolescents with developmental disorders and typical development. We make some suggestions that may minimize noise during data acquisition itself and finally we briefly discuss some current processing techniques that may help to identify and remove noise in the data. Many advances have been made in the field of pediatric imaging, particularly with regard to research involving children with developmental disorders. Mindfulness of issues such as those discussed here will ensure continued progress and greater consistency across studies.

译文

功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 是一种强大的工具,可用于检查典型发展中的儿科人群以及患有临床疾病的儿童和青少年的大脑功能和发育。但是,由于通常与头部运动有关的过多噪声水平的影响,fMRI数据很容易受到误解。对儿童进行成像,尤其是患有发育障碍的儿童,需要额外考虑与多动,焦虑以及执行和保持对fMRI范例的关注有关的能力。我们讨论了许多可用于最小化噪声 (尤其是与运动相关的噪声) 的方法。为此,我们专注于主要在我们自己的实验室中使用的数据采集阶段之前,期间和之后的策略。我们讨论了诸如实验设计,潜在参与者的筛查以及扫描前训练等因素对患有发育障碍和典型发育的青少年的头部运动的影响。我们提出了一些建议,可以最大程度地减少数据采集过程中的噪声,最后,我们简要讨论了一些当前的处理技术,这些技术可能有助于识别和消除数据中的噪声。在儿科成像领域已经取得了许多进展,特别是在涉及发育障碍儿童的研究方面。对诸如此处讨论的问题的正念将确保研究的持续进展和更大的一致性。

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