The influences of different action-outcome scenarios on children's evaluative judgments and inferences of outcome intentionality were assessed. One hundred forty-five kindergartners, 2nd graders, and 4th graders heard 4 stories about child actors who engaged in 1 action or 3 equifinal actions and caused a positive or negative outcome. The stories made no mention of the actors' anticipated outcome so that we could assess the children's inferences of whether the actors wanted and had tried to cause the outcome. Children also rated their liking for the actors and the actors' morality. Children's moral and liking judgments were not significantly differentiated by action condition. However, actors who caused positive outcomes received favorable liking and moral judgments, and actors who caused negative outcomes received neutral liking and moral judgments. Children's intentionality inferences varied by the actors' actions and were moderated by outcome valence. The authors discuss children's apparent use of the valence rule when inferring intentionality and their reluctance to judge harshly actors who cause negative outcomes when not privy to the actors' intentions.

译文

评估了不同行动结果情景对儿童评价判断和结果意图推断的影响。一百四十五名幼儿园,二年级学生和四年级学生听到了4个关于儿童演员的故事,这些儿童演员参与了1个动作或3个等值动作,并产生了积极或消极的结果。这些故事没有提及演员的预期结果,因此我们可以评估孩子们对演员是否想要并试图导致结果的推断。孩子们还对演员和演员的道德水平进行了评价。儿童的道德和喜好判断在行动条件下没有显着区别。但是,造成积极结果的演员获得了有利的喜好和道德判断,造成消极结果的演员获得了中立的喜好和道德判断。儿童的故意推断因演员的行为而异,并受结果价的调节。作者讨论了儿童在推断故意性时明显使用价规则的情况,以及他们不愿评判严厉的演员,这些演员在不考虑演员的意图时会导致负面结果。

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