Merotelic kinetochore orientation is a kinetochore-microtubule mis-attachment in which a single kinetochore binds microtubules to both spindle poles, rather than just one. Merotelic attachments occur frequently in early mitosis and can induce anaphase lagging chromosomes and aneuploidy if not corrected before anaphase onset. Merotelic kinetochore orientation does not interfere with chromosome alignment at the metaphase plate and does not activate the mitotic spindle checkpoint. However, a correction mechanism for merotelic attachment reduces the number of merotelic kinetochores entering anaphase, thus preventing chromosome mis-segregation. Results from many different studies support the idea that Aurora B kinase plays a critical role in this merotelic correction mechanism by phosphorylating key substrates at the kinetochore and promoting turnover of kinetochore microtubules. In addition, recent studies are starting to identify the possible 'sensors' of the system that would be able to detect the mis-attachment and communicate this to Aurora B. Here, I review these studies and discuss a model for how merotelic kinetochore orientation could be detected and corrected before anaphase onset.

译文

Merotelic动粒定向是一种动粒-微管错误附着,其中单个动粒将微管结合到两个纺锤体极上,而不仅仅是一个。Merotelic附件在早期有丝分裂中经常发生,如果在后期发作之前未纠正,则可以诱导后期染色体滞后和非整倍体。Merotelic动粒方向不会干扰中期板处的染色体排列,也不会激活有丝分裂纺锤体检查点。但是,针对染色体附着的校正机制减少了进入后期的染色体动粒的数量,从而防止了染色体的错误分离。许多不同研究的结果都支持这样的观点,即Aurora B激酶通过磷酸化动粒中的关键底物并促进动粒微管的周转而在这种merotelic校正机制中起关键作用。此外,最近的研究开始确定系统的可能的 “传感器”,将能够检测到错误的附着并将其传达给Aurora B。在这里,我回顾了这些研究并讨论了如何在后期开始之前检测和纠正merotelic动粒方向的模型。

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