It is argued, in this paper, that moral theories should not be discussed extensively when teaching applied ethics. First, it is argued that, students are either presented with a large amount of information regarding the various subtle distinctions and the nuances of the theory and, as a result, the students simply fail to take it in or, alternatively, the students are presented with a simplified caricature of the theory, in which case the students may understand the information they are given, but what they have understood is of little or no value because it is merely a caricature of a theory. Second, there is a methodological problem with appealing to moral theories to solve particular issues in applied ethics. An analogy with science is appealed to. In physics there is a hope that we could discover a unified theory of everything. But this is, of course, a hugely ambitious project, and much harder than, for example, finding a theory of motion. If the physicist wants to understand motion, he should try to do so directly. We would think he was particularly misguided if he thought that, to answer this question, he first needed to construct a unified theory of everything.

译文

本文认为,在教授应用伦理学时,不应广泛讨论道德理论。首先,有人认为,要么向学生提供有关该理论的各种细微差别和细微差别的大量信息,结果,学生根本无法接受,要么向学生介绍了该理论的简化漫画,在这种情况下,学生可能会理解他们所提供的信息,但是他们所理解的信息几乎没有价值,因为它只是理论的讽刺画。其次,有一个方法论问题,即诉诸道德理论来解决应用伦理学中的特定问题。与科学的类比很吸引人。在物理学中,我们希望能够发现一个统一的万物理论。但这当然是一个雄心勃勃的项目,而且比例如找到运动理论要困难得多。如果物理学家想了解运动,他应该尝试直接这样做。如果他认为,为了回答这个问题,他首先需要构建一个统一的万物理论,我们会认为他特别被误导了。

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