Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that limits plant growth and productivity. High concentrations of sodium chloride can cause osmotic and ionic effects. This stress minimises a plant's ability to uptake water and minerals, and increases Na+ accumulation in the cytosol, thereby disturbing metabolic processes. Prolonged plant exposure to salt stress can lead to oxidative stress and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Higher plants developed some strategies to cope with salt stress. Among these, mechanisms involving nitric oxide (NO) and polyamines (PAs) are particularly important. NO is a key signalling molecule that mediates a variety of physiological functions and defence responses against abiotic stresses in plants. Under salinity conditions, NO donors increase growth parameters, reduce Na+ toxicity, maintain ionic homeostasis, stimulate osmolyte accumulation and prevent damages caused by ROS. NO enhances salt tolerance of plants via post-translational protein modifications through S-nitrosylation of thiol groups, nitration of tyrosine residues and modulation of multiple gene expression. Several reviews have reported on the role of polyamines in modulating salt stress plant response and the capacity to enhance PA synthesis upon salt stress exposure, and it is known that NO and PAs interact under salinity. In this review, we focus on the role of NO in plant response to salt stress, paying particular attention to the interaction between NO and PAs.

译文

土壤盐分是一种主要的非生物胁迫,限制了植物的生长和生产力。高浓度的氯化钠会引起渗透效应和离子效应。这种压力最大程度地降低了植物吸收水和矿物质的能力,并增加了胞质溶胶中Na的积累,从而干扰了代谢过程。植物长期暴露于盐胁迫会导致氧化应激和活性氧 (ROS) 的产生增加。高等植物开发了一些应对盐胁迫的策略。其中,涉及一氧化氮 (NO) 和多胺 (PAs) 的机制尤为重要。NO是一种关键的信号分子,可介导多种生理功能和针对植物非生物胁迫的防御反应。在盐度条件下,NO供体增加了生长参数,降低了Na毒性,维持了离子稳态,刺激了渗透剂的积累并防止了ROS引起的损害。NO通过巯基的S-亚硝基化,酪氨酸残基的硝化和多种基因表达的调节,通过翻译后蛋白质修饰增强植物的耐盐性。一些评论报道了多胺在调节盐胁迫植物响应中的作用以及在盐胁迫暴露时增强PA合成的能力,并且已知NO和PAs在盐度下相互作用。在这篇综述中,我们着重于NO在植物对盐胁迫的响应中的作用,特别注意NO和PAs之间的相互作用。

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