An extract from red ginseng [steamed and dried roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (RGE)] has been shown to have various actions on physiological functions. The mechanisms by which RGE promotes cholesterol metabolism in the liver are unclear, but RGE decreases the plasma levels of cholesterol. We investigated whether RGE affected the mRNA expression of cholesterol metabolism-related proteins such as cytochrome P450 (CYP)7A1 and bile salt export pump (BSEP) in the liver in hypercholesterolemic rats and rat primary hepatocytes. In-vivo studies showed the upregulation of CYP7A1 mRNA in hypercholesterolemic rats treated with RGE. Treatment with RGE exhibited decreased ratios of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol compared with hypercholesterolemia without RGE. In-vitro studies also showed the upregulation of CYP7A1 mRNA and protein levels by the addition of RGE to rat primary hepatocytes. The mRNA levels of BSEP exhibited few changes. The sustained levels of the liver X receptor (LXR) in vivo and the increased levels of LXR in vitro on RGE treatment could be involved in the upregulation of CYP7A1. To clarify the effects of 11 ginsenosides including RGE on the mRNA levels of CYP7A1 and BSEP, we performed in-vitro experiments using rat primary hepatocytes. The ginsenosides Ro, Rg3, Re, Rg1, and Rg2 exhibited increased mRNA levels of CYP7A1. These results suggest that several ginsenosides including RGE promoted cholesterol metabolism due to upregulation of CYP7A1.

译文

来自红参的提取物 [人参c.A.的蒸干根Meyer (RGE)] 已被证明对生理功能具有多种作用。RGE促进肝脏中胆固醇代谢的机制尚不清楚,但RGE会降低血浆胆固醇水平。我们研究了RGE是否影响高胆固醇血症大鼠和大鼠原代肝细胞肝脏中胆固醇代谢相关蛋白 (例如细胞色素P450 (CYP)7A1和胆盐出口泵 (BSEP)) 的mRNA表达。体内研究表明,用RGE治疗的高胆固醇血症大鼠CYP7A1 mRNA上调。与没有RGE的高胆固醇血症相比,RGE治疗显示低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的比率降低。体外研究还显示,通过向大鼠原代肝细胞添加RGE,CYP7A1 mRNA和蛋白质水平上调。BSEP的mRNA水平几乎没有变化。RGE治疗后体内肝脏X受体 (LXR) 的持续水平和体外LXR水平的升高可能与CYP7A1的上调有关。为了阐明包括RGE在内的11种人参皂甙对CYP7A1和BSEP mRNA水平的影响,我们使用大鼠原代肝细胞进行了体外实验。人参皂苷Ro,Rg3,Re,Rg1和Rg2显示CYP7A1的mRNA水平升高。这些结果表明,由于CYP7A1的上调,包括RGE在内的几种人参皂甙可促进胆固醇代谢。

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