PURPOSE:This study examined the influence of five types of impairments in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI)-and caregiver stress due to these impairments-on the mental health of family caregivers in Guadalajara, Mexico. METHOD:Ninety caregivers completed measures of TBI impairments and of their own mental health. The majority were female (92.20%) with a mean age of 47.12 years (SD = 12.67). Caregivers dedicated a median of 50 hours weekly to caregiving and had spent a median of 11 months providing care. RESULTS:Two canonical correlation analyses suggested that these two sets of variables were broadly related, such that more severe impairments in individuals with TBI and more caregiver stress due to those impairments were associated with lower caregiver mental health. Across both analyses, social impairments were most associated with increased caregiver burden. Follow-up analyses also uncovered that caregiver stress due to cognitive impairments was uniquely associated with caregiver burden and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS:These results are the first to provide evidence that social and cognitive impairments in individuals with TBI from Latin America are the impairments most associated with caregiver mental health and highlight the need for interventions that target social and cognitive functioning.