More than one-third of cellular proteomes traffic into and across membranes. Bacteria have invented several sophisticated secretion systems that guide various proteins to extracytoplasmic locations and in some cases inject them directly into hosts. Of these, the Sec system is ubiquitous, essential and by far the best understood. Secretory polypeptides are sorted from cytoplasmic ones initially due to characteristic signal peptides. Then they are targeted to the plasma membrane by chaperones/pilots. The translocase, a dynamic nanomachine, lies at the centre of this process and acts as a protein-conducting channel with a unique property; allowing both forward transfer of secretory proteins but also lateral release into the lipid bilayer with high fidelity and efficiency. This process, tightly orchestrated at the expense of energy, ensures fundamental cell processes such as membrane biogenesis, cell division, motility, nutrient uptake and environmental sensing. In the present review, we examine this fascinating process, summarizing current knowledge on the structure, function and mechanics of the Sec pathway.

译文

超过3分之1的细胞蛋白质组进入和穿过膜。细菌已经发明了几种复杂的分泌系统,这些分泌系统将各种蛋白质引导到胞浆外位置,并在某些情况下将它们直接注入宿主。其中,Sec系统无处不在,必不可少,并且是迄今为止最好的理解。分泌多肽最初是由于特征性信号肽而从细胞质中分类的。然后,它们被伴侣/飞行员靶向质膜。转位酶是一种动态纳米机器,位于该过程的中心,并充当具有独特特性的蛋白质传导通道; 既可以向前转移分泌蛋白,又可以高保真度和效率地横向释放到脂质双层中。这一过程以能量为代价紧密协调,确保了基本的细胞过程,如膜生物发生、细胞分裂、运动、营养吸收和环境感知。在本综述中,我们研究了这一引人入胜的过程,总结了有关Sec途径的结构,功能和力学的最新知识。

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