Neurons are specialized cells with a complex architecture that includes elaborate dendritic branches and a long, narrow axon that extends from the cell body to the synaptic terminal. The organized transport of essential biological materials throughout the neuron is required to support its growth, function, and viability. In this review, we focus on insights that have emerged from the genetic analysis of long-distance axonal transport between the cell body and the synaptic terminal. We also discuss recent genetic evidence that supports the hypothesis that disruptions in axonal transport may cause or dramatically contribute to neurodegenerative diseases.

译文

神经元是特殊的细胞,具有复杂的结构,包括精心制作的树突分支和从细胞体延伸到突触末端的狭长轴突。需要在整个神经元中组织基本生物材料的运输,以支持其生长,功能和生存能力。在这篇综述中,我们专注于从细胞体和突触末端之间的长距离轴突运输的遗传分析中获得的见解。我们还讨论了最近的遗传证据,这些证据支持以下假设: 轴突运输的中断可能导致或极大地促进神经退行性疾病。

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