Glutamate (GLU) and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) are essential amino acids (AA) for brain function serving as excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter respectively. Their tablets are available in market for improving gut function and muscle performance. Despite of having a major role during memory formation and processing, effects of these tablets on brain functioning like learning and memory have not been investigated. Therefore, present study is aimed to investigate the effects of orally supplemented GLU and GABA on learning and memory performance and further to monitor related effects of these orally supplemented GLU and GABA on brain levels of these AA. Three groups of rats were supplemented orally with drinking water (control group) or suspension of tablets of GABA and Glutamate, respectively for four weeks. Cognitive performance was determined using behavioral tests (Novel object recognition test, Morris water maze, Passive avoidance test) measuring recognition, spatial reference and aversive memory. Levels of GLU, GABA and acetylcholine (ACh) were estimated in rat hippocampus. Results showed that chronic oral administration of GLU and GABA tablets has a significant impact on brain function and can alter GLU and GABA content in rat hippocampus. Compared to GABA, GLU supplementation specifically enhances memory performance via increasing ACh. Thus, GLU can be suggested as a useful supplement for improving learning and memory performance and neurochemical status of brain and in future could be effective in the treatment of neurological disorders affecting learning and memory performance.

译文

谷氨酸 (GLU) 和 γ-氨基丁酸 (GABA) 是脑功能必需氨基酸 (AA),分别作为兴奋性和抑制性神经递质。他们的片剂可用于改善肠道功能和肌肉性能。尽管在记忆形成和处理过程中起着重要作用,但尚未研究这些片剂对大脑功能 (如学习和记忆) 的影响。因此,本研究旨在研究口服补充的GLU和GABA对学习和记忆性能的影响,并进一步监测这些口服补充的GLU和GABA对这些AA的大脑水平的相关影响。三组大鼠分别口服补充饮用水 (对照组) 或GABA和谷氨酸混悬剂,持续4周。使用行为测试 (新颖物体识别测试,莫里斯水迷宫,被动回避测试) 来确定认知能力,以测量识别,空间参考和厌恶记忆。估计大鼠海马中GLU,GABA和乙酰胆碱 (ACh) 的水平。结果表明,长期口服GLU和GABA片对大鼠脑功能有明显影响,可改变大鼠海马GLU和GABA的含量。与GABA相比,补充GLU通过增加ACh来特别增强记忆性能。因此,GLU可以被建议作为改善学习和记忆性能以及大脑神经化学状态的有用补充,并且将来可以有效地治疗影响学习和记忆性能的神经系统疾病。

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