BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Caspases have apoptotic and non-apoptotic functions, both of which depend on their abilities to cleave proteins at specific sites. What distinguishes apoptotic from non-apoptotic substrates has so far been unclear. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Weaver et al. (2017) now provide an answer to this crucial question.

背景与目标： ：胱天蛋白酶具有凋亡和非凋亡的功能，这两者都取决于它们在特定位点切割蛋白质的能力。到目前为止，尚不清楚凋亡和非凋亡底物的区别。在本期《发育细胞》中，Weaver等人。 （2017）现在提供了这个关键问题的答案。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: UNLABELLED:This article summarizes the work done to adapt and to validate the short form of Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12) for its use in Spain. It will become the first validated questionnaire in this country for the evaluation of the sexual function in women with Pelvic Organ Prolapse and/or Urinary Incontinence. PATIENTS AND METHOD:49 women who visited a specialized unit with symptoms of pelvic floor were included. Patients filled in the Spanish version of the questionnaire to validate (PISQ-12), the Urinary Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ-UI-SF); the Female Sexual Function Questionnaire (FSM) and the Bladder Control Autoevaluation Questionnaire (CACV). Factibility, reliability and validity of the new questionnaire were evaluated. RESULTS:Factibility: 99.83% of the sample answered all the items (only one patient did not answer one of the items); average administration time 3.5 (1.5) minutes. RELIABILITY:Cronbach's alpha was 0,829. VALIDITY:PISQ-12 correlation with FSM was 0,71; with ICIQ-UI-SF it was -0,038; with the CACV "symptoms" dimension the correlation was -0,30 and with the "discomfort" dimension it was -0,40. The existence of the same three dimensions of the PISQ-12 original version in the adapted Spanish questionnaire is checked through a factorial analysis. The score in PISQ-12 was worse (lower) in the case of women with Hyperactive Bladder symptoms and discomfort measured with the CACV questionnaire and in women with sexual dysfunction measured with FSM. PISQ-12 is an instrument with the appropriate psychometric characteristics to evaluate sexual function in women with pelvic floor problems.

背景与目标： UNLABELLED：本文总结了为适应和验证在西班牙使用的盆腔器官脱垂/尿失禁性问卷（PISQ-12）的简短形式所做的工作。它将成为该国第一份经过验证的问卷，用于评估盆腔器官脱垂和/或尿失禁的女性的性功能。
患者与方法：纳入49名到访有骨盆底症状的专门科室的妇女。患者填写西班牙问卷进行验证（PISQ-12），即尿失禁问卷（ICIQ-UI-SF）；女性性功能问卷（FSM）和膀胱控制自我评估问卷（CACV）。评价了新问卷的可行性，信度和效度。
结果：可行性：99.83％的样本回答了所有项目（只有一名患者没有回答其中一项）；平均管理时间3.5（1.5）分钟。
可靠性：克伦巴赫的alpha为0,829。
有效性：PISQ-12与FSM的相关性为0.71；使用ICIQ-UI-SF时为-0038； CACV“症状”维度的相关系数为-0,30，而“不适”维度的相关系数为-0,40。通过析因分析，对经过改编的西班牙问卷中的PISQ-12原始版本是否存在相同的三个维度进行了检查。对于使用膀胱过度活动症症状和不适的女性（通过CACV问卷调查）以及在患有性功能障碍的女性中，通过FSM测量的PISQ-12评分较差（较低）。 PISQ-12是一种具有适当心理计量学特征的仪器，可用于评估骨盆底疾病女性的性功能。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Merotelic kinetochore orientation is a kinetochore-microtubule mis-attachment in which a single kinetochore binds microtubules to both spindle poles, rather than just one. Merotelic attachments occur frequently in early mitosis and can induce anaphase lagging chromosomes and aneuploidy if not corrected before anaphase onset. Merotelic kinetochore orientation does not interfere with chromosome alignment at the metaphase plate and does not activate the mitotic spindle checkpoint. However, a correction mechanism for merotelic attachment reduces the number of merotelic kinetochores entering anaphase, thus preventing chromosome mis-segregation. Results from many different studies support the idea that Aurora B kinase plays a critical role in this merotelic correction mechanism by phosphorylating key substrates at the kinetochore and promoting turnover of kinetochore microtubules. In addition, recent studies are starting to identify the possible 'sensors' of the system that would be able to detect the mis-attachment and communicate this to Aurora B. Here, I review these studies and discuss a model for how merotelic kinetochore orientation could be detected and corrected before anaphase onset.

背景与目标： ：Merotelic线粒体定向是一种线粒体-微管错配，其中单个线粒体将微管绑定到两个纺锤极，而不仅仅是一个。在早期有丝分裂中，速生分子附着经常发生，如果在后期发生之前不加以纠正，则会导致后期染色体滞后和非整倍性。股线的线粒体取向不会干扰中期板的染色体排列，也不会激活有丝分裂纺锤体检查点。但是，用于介子质附着的校正机制减少了进入后期的介子质动植物的数量，从而防止了染色体的错误分离。来自许多不同研究的结果支持这样的观点，即Aurora B激酶通过使动粒体中的关键底物磷酸化并促进粒体微管的更新，从而在这种介子体校正机制中发挥关键作用。此外，最近的研究开始确定系统中可能的“传感器”，这些传感器能够检测错误的附着并将其传达给AuroraB。在这里，我回顾这些研究，并讨论介孔线粒体定向如何进行的模型在后期发作之前被检测并纠正。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This investigation examined differences in symptom patterns of two different trauma samples using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). MMPI-2s of 122 male combat veterans seeking outpatient treatment for combat-related PTSD were compared with those of 64 PTSD-diagnosed adults seeking outpatient treatment for the effects of child sexual abuse (CSA). We examined variables related to degree of health concerns, depression, somatization, anger and hostility, masculine-feminine traits, paranoid ideation, anxiety, difficulties thinking and concentrating, elevated mood, and social introversion, as well as test-taking attitude. MANOVAs revealed between-group differences on several variables. However, when analyses controlled for the effect of age, nearly all differences disappeared; the only remaining difference was in a scale measuring anger. Thus, it appears CSA survivors and combat veterans are much more similar than different in their clinical presentation on the MMPI-2. Conceptual issues in the assessment of PTSD are discussed.

背景与目标： ：这项研究使用明尼苏达州多相人格量表2（MMPI-2）检验了两种不同创伤样本的症状模式差异。比较了122名寻求与战斗相关PTSD进行门诊治疗的男性退伍军人的MMPI-2s与64名经PTSD诊断为儿童性虐待（CSA）寻求门诊治疗的成年人的MMPI-2。我们研究了与健康程度，抑郁，躯体化，愤怒和敌对，男性女性特征，偏执观念，焦虑，思维和专心的困难，情绪升高，社交内向以及应试态度有关的变量。 MANOVAs揭示了几个变量之间的组间差异。然而，当分析控制了年龄的影响时，几乎所有的差异都消失了。唯一剩下的区别是测量愤怒的天平。因此，CSA幸存者和退伍军人似乎在MMPI-2的临床表现上相似之处远胜于不同之处。讨论了创伤后应激障碍的评估中的概念性问题。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of female sexual hormones on intestinal and serum cytokines following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Adult female rats were ovariectomized and distributed among the following 9 groups: (i) sham trauma, (ii) TBI (Marmarou's method), (iii) vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide) treated, (iv) estrogen (E2) treated, (v) progesterone (P) treated, (vi) treated with E2+P, (vii) propylpyrazole triol (PPT) treated, (viii) diarylpropionitrile (DPN) treated, and (ix) control. PPT and DPN are estrogen receptor αand β agonists, respectively. Serum and intestinal levels of interleukin (IL)-1β were increased by TBI (P < 0.001). The level of intestinal IL-1β was increased in the group treated with E2 (P < 0.001). There was a reduction in serum IL-1β (P < 0.01) and an increase in intestinal IL-1β level (P < 0.001) in the PPT-treated group compared with the vehicle-treated group. TBI reduced serum IL-6 (P < 0.01) and increased intestinal IL-6 (P < 0.001). Serum IL-6 was increased in the group treated with E2 (P < 0.001), P (P < 0.001), E2+P (P < 0.01), and DPN (P < 0.001) after TBI; however, intestinal IL-6 was higher in the E2-treated group compared with the vehicle-treated group (P < 0.01). Intestinal tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was increased by TBI (P < 0.001). Progesterone decreased serum TNF-α (P < 0.01). Intestinal TNF-α in the E2 (P < 0.01), E2+P (P < 0.001), and PPT (P < 0.001) treatment groups was less than in the vehicle-treated group. In conclusion, estrogen influences the intestinal levels of proinflammatory cytokines, in particular TNF-α, mediated through estrogen receptor α.

背景与目标： ：这项研究的目的是评估女性性激素对脑外伤（TBI）后肠道和血清细胞因子的影响。将成年雌性大鼠切除卵巢，并分布在以下9组中：（i）假创伤，（ii）TBI（Marmarou方法），（iii）媒介物（二甲亚砜）治疗，（iv）雌激素（E2）治疗，（v）孕酮（P）处理，（vi）用E2 P处理，（vii）丙基吡唑三醇（PPT）处理，（viii）二芳基丙腈（DPN）处理，以及（ix）对照。 PPT和DPN分别是雌激素受体α和β激动剂。 TBI可提高血清和肠道白细胞介素（IL）-1β的水平（P <0.001）。 E2治疗组肠道IL-1β水平升高（P <0.001）。与溶媒治疗组相比，PPT治疗组的血清IL-1β降低（P <0.01），肠内IL-1β水平升高（P <0.001）。 TBI降低血清IL-6（P <0.01），增加肠道IL-6（P <0.001）。 TBI后E2组（P <0.001），P组（P <0.001），E2P组（P <0.01）和DPN组（P <0.001），血清IL-6水平升高。然而，E2治疗组的肠道IL-6高于媒介物治疗组（P <0.01）。 TBI可增加肠道肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）（P <0.001）。孕酮降低血清TNF-α（P <0.01）。 E2（P <0.01），E2 P（P <0.001）和PPT（P <0.001）治疗组的肠道TNF-α低于溶媒治疗组。总之，雌激素影响通过雌激素受体α介导的促炎细胞因子，特别是TNF-α的肠道水平。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To analyze factors predictive for changes in sexual function after pelvic floor surgery and explore differences between stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery. DESIGN:Prospective observational study. SETTING:St Olav Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway. SAMPLE:Of 346 mailed questionnaires for women scheduled for SUI and POP surgery, 65 questionnaires were available for analysis together with examination findings before and 1 year after surgery. METHODS:Postal questionnaires including Prolapse and Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire (PISQ 12), Hopkins Symptom Checklist 5 for psychological distress, questions from the validated Body Image Questionnaire, a general health question, questions addressing goals for improvement after surgery, clinical findings based on the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System and Brief Sexual Function Index for partners. Uni- and multivariate linear regressions adjusting for age were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Change in PISQ 12 score at follow-up. RESULTS:Sexual function significantly improved in the total group (p = 0.000). After stratification into SUI and POP surgery, improvement only remained significant after SUI surgery (p = 0.001). Improvement for the total group was predicted by good health or coital incontinence, whereas psychological distress or the goal of improved defecation predicted deterioration. For women undergoing SUI surgery, increasing age, parity or the goal of improving sexuality or body image predicted improvement, while for women undergoing POP surgery, menopausal status or anterior colporrhaphy predicted improvement. CONCLUSION:Significantly improved sexuality was observed after pelvic floor surgery. Predictive factors for change differed for women undergoing SUI surgery and and those undergoing POP surgery.

背景与目标： 目的：分析预测骨盆底手术后性功能改变的因素，探讨压力性尿失禁（SUI）和骨盆器官脱垂（POP）手术之间的差异。
设计：前瞻性观察研究。
地点：挪威特隆赫姆大学医院圣奥拉夫医院。
样本：在346份计划进行SUI和POP手术的女性邮寄调查表中，有65份调查表可用于分析手术前和手术后1年的检查结果。
方法：邮寄问卷，包括脱垂和失禁性功能问卷（PISQ 12），霍普金斯症状困扰清单5，心理困扰，经过验证的身体影像问卷，一般健康问题，解决手术后改善目标的问题，基于以下内容的临床发现伙伴的骨盆器官脱垂量化系统和简短的性功能指数。进行了针对年龄的单变量和多元线性回归。
主要观察指标：随访时PISQ 12评分改变。
结果：整个组的性功能显着改善（p = 0.000）。在分层进行SUI和POP手术后，只有在SUI手术后才有显着改善（p = 0.001）。总体状况的好转是由于身体健康或性交失禁所致，而心理困扰或改善排便的目标预示着情况将会恶化。对于接受SUI手术的女性，增加年龄，产次或改善性欲或提高身体形象的目标可望改善，而对于接受POP手术的女性，绝经期或前阴道炎则有望改善。
结论：骨盆底手术后性行为明显改善。进行SUI手术的妇女和进行POP手术的妇女的变化预测因素有所不同。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Prelicensure nursing education has generally emphasized acute care; however, as primary care changes in the United States, academia must transform. The national call for transforming primary care requires innovation in the education of prelicensure nursing students. PROBLEM:To ensure future RNs can function in the primary care setting and assume enhanced roles within the interprofessional team, prelicensure nursing students need to be exposed to primary care. A key barrier to providing this essential education is the lack of partnerships with primary care facilities. APPROACH:The purpose of this project was to collaborate with rural practice partners to provide a primary care clinical experience for prelicensure nursing students. OUTCOMES:Collaboration between academic-practice partners to develop a clinical experience for prelicensure nursing students allowed exposure to the role of RNs in rural primary care. CONCLUSIONS:By sharing the process for planning the clinical experience, other interested academic institutions may replicate similar opportunities.

背景与目标： 背景：准证护理教育普遍强调急诊护理。但是，随着美国基层医疗的变化，学术界必须转变。全国要求改变初级保健的呼声要求对执照前护理学生的教育进行创新。
问题：为确保将来的RN可以在基层医疗机构中发挥作用并在跨专业团队中发挥更大的作用，需要预先给护理学生提供基层医疗服务。提供这种基本教育的主要障碍是缺乏与初级保健机构的合作关系。
方法：该项目的目的是与农村实践伙伴合作，为预保护生提供初级保健临床经验。
结果：学术实践合作伙伴之间的合作以开发临床前护理护士的临床经验，使RNs在农村初级保健中的作用得以暴露。
结论：通过共享规划临床经验的过程，其他感兴趣的学术机构可以复制类似的机会。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Empirical studies suggest that childhood sexual abuse is associated with sexual revictimization by a male romantic partner in female survivors. Yet, the potential mechanisms underlying this association remain understudied. Past studies indicated that women childhood sexual abuse survivors report more sexual anxiety, which in turn was linked to an increased risk of sustaining sexual coercion. The current study, conducted with a sample of 448 adult women from the community, aimed to examine sexual anxiety as a potential mechanism in the association between childhood sexual abuse and sexual coercion sustained by women in heterosexual romantic relationships. Results from path analyses confirmed the indirect effect of sexual anxiety in the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and sexual coercion victimization. Findings indicated that childhood sexual abuse is associated with higher levels of sexual anxiety, which in turn, was linked to a higher frequency of sexual coercion experiences perpetrated by the romantic partner. This study contributes to a better understanding of the determinants of sexual violence against women and provides an empirical basis to better inform prevention initiatives and guide future interventions.

背景与目标： ：经验研究表明，儿童期的性虐待与女性幸存者中男性浪漫伴侣的性重新定罪有关。然而，这种关联的潜在机制仍未得到充分研究。过去的研究表明，儿童时期遭受性虐待的女性幸存者报告称性焦虑更为严重，而这又与维持性胁迫的风险增加有关。当前的研究是对来自社区的448名成年女性进行的抽样调查，旨在检验性焦虑是儿童性虐待与女性在异性恋爱关系中维持的性强迫之间联系的一种潜在机制。路径分析的结果证实，性焦虑对儿童性虐待和性强迫受害之间的关系具有间接影响。研究结果表明，儿童时期的性虐待与更高水平的性焦虑有关，而后者又与浪漫伴侣进行性胁迫的频率更高有关。这项研究有助于更好地了解针对妇女的性暴力的决定因素，并为更好地为预防举措提供信息并指导今后的干预措施提供了经验基础。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Theoretical frameworks positing qualitatively distinct trajectories of posttrauma outcome have received initial empirical support, but have not been investigated in cases of severe interpersonal trauma. To address this limitation, we conducted latent class growth analysis with longitudinal data collected from 119 female sexual assault survivors at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-months postassault. Participants' mean age was 33 years; 63% were White. We hypothesized that given the severity of exposure associated with sexual assault, resilience would not be the modal course of adaptation. Four distinct PTSD growth trajectories, representing unique latent classes of participants, best fit the data: a high chronic trajectory, a moderate chronic trajectory, a moderate recovery trajectory, and a marked recovery trajectory. Contrary to previous studies and recent theoretical models, resilience and resistance trajectories were not observed, as high levels of distress were evident in nearly all participants at 1-month postassault. These results suggest that theoretical models of posttrauma response positing resilience as the modal outcome may not generalize to cases of sexual assault.

背景与目标： ：创伤后结局的定性定性理论框架已经获得了初步的经验支持，但是在严重的人际交往中并未进行过研究。为了解决这一局限性，我们利用在攻击后1个月，2个月，3个月和4个月内从119名女性性侵犯幸存者那里收集的纵向数据进行了潜伏类增长分析。参与者的平均年龄为33岁； 63％是白人。我们假设，鉴于与性侵犯相关的暴露严重性，适应力将不是适应的模态过程。代表独特潜在参与者类别的四种不同的PTSD生长轨迹最适合该数据：高慢性轨迹，中度慢性轨迹，中度恢复轨迹和明显的恢复轨迹。与先前的研究和最新的理论模型相反，未观察到复原力和抵抗力的轨迹，因为在袭击后1个月内几乎所有参与者中都表现出很高的苦恼程度。这些结果表明，创伤后反应的理论模型将复原力作为模态结果，可能无法推广到性侵犯案件中。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: -2

背景与目标： -2

BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:Pregnancy rates among adolescents have declined in the U.S. and Britain but remain high compared with other high-income countries. This comparison describes trends in pregnancy rates, recent sexual activity, and contraceptive use among women aged 16-19 years in the U.S. and Britain to consider the contribution of these two behavioral factors to the decline in pregnancy rates in the two countries and the differences between them. METHODS:We use data from two rounds of the U.S. National Survey of Family Growth, conducted 2002-2003 and 2011-2015, and the British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles, conducted 2000-2001 and 2010-2012, to describe population-level differences between countries and over time in sexual activity and contraceptive use. We calculate pregnancy rates using national births and abortions data. RESULTS:Pregnancy rates declined in both countries; this began earlier in the U.S. and was steeper. There was no change in sexual activity in Britain, but in the U.S., the proportion reporting recent sex declined. In both countries, there was a shift toward more effective contraception. A higher proportion in Britain than the U.S. reported ever having had sex (65% vs. 49%) and sex in the last year (64% vs. 45%), 6 months (59% vs. 39%), and 4 weeks (48% vs. 29%). A higher proportion in Britain reported using more effective contraception (68% vs. 52%). CONCLUSIONS:In both countries, improvements in contraceptive use have contributed substantially to declines in pregnancy rates; however, the steeper decline in the U.S. likely also reflects declines in recent sex occurring only in that country.

背景与目标： 目的：美国和英国的青少年怀孕率有所下降，但与其他高收入国家相比仍然很高。这项比较描述了美国和英国16-19岁女性的怀孕率，近期性行为和使用避孕药具的趋势，以考虑这两个行为因素对两国怀孕率下降的贡献以及两者之间的差异。他们。
方法：我们使用来自2002年至2003年和2011年至2015年的美国全国家庭增长调查和2000年至2001年以及2010年至2012年的英国全国性态度和生活方式调查的两轮数据来描述以下人群：各国之间以及不同时期性行为和避孕方法使用水平的差异。我们使用全国出生和堕胎数据计算怀孕率。
结果：两个国家的怀孕率均下降；这是在美国较早开始的，而且难度更大。英国的性活动没有变化，但在美国，报告最近发生性行为的比例有所下降。在这两个国家，人们都在朝着更有效的避孕方式发展。在英国，发生性行为的比例（65％比49％）和去年（64％比45％），6个月（59％比39％）和4周曾经发生过性行为的比例更高。 （48％比29％）。英国较高的比例表示使用了更有效的避孕方法（68％比52％）。
结论：在这两个国家，避孕药具使用的改善在很大程度上导致了妊娠率的下降。但是，美国的急剧下降也可能反映出仅在该国发生的近期性行为下降。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review highlights recent literature regarding online sexual offending, including the prevalence, characteristics, a brief review of recent typology literature, victimization risk factors, risk factors of being a "crossover" offender, rates and risk factors for recidivism, and a discussion of prevention efforts. RECENT FINDINGS:Online sexual offenders are overwhelmingly White men with relationship problems who were rarely previously arrested for felonies. They score lower on measures of antisocial behavior, compared to offenders who commit contact sexual offenses against children. Individuals who commit pornography offenses are at lower risk to commit contact offenses and their risk factors include having sexual interest in children and antisocial attitudes. Online offenders are different from contact sexual offenders and from offenders who commit both types of offenses. Recidivism in online noncontact offenders is difficult to assess due to the lack of empirically supported tools and the inappropriateness of using popular actuarial tools that lack norms on these offenders, but a new measure (CPORT) is being studied for use with this population.

背景与目标： 审查的目的：这篇综述重点介绍了有关在线性犯罪的最新文献，包括患病率，特征，对近期类型学文献的简要综述，受害风险因素，成为“跨界”犯罪者的风险因素，累犯的发生率和风险因素，以及预防工作的讨论。
最近的调查结果：网上性犯罪者绝大多数是有恋爱关系的白人，以前很少因重罪而被捕。与对儿童实施接触性犯罪的罪犯相比，他们在反社会行为方面的得分较低。犯下色情罪行的人犯接触罪行的风险较低，其危险因素包括对儿童的性兴趣和反社会态度。在线罪犯不同于接触性罪犯和犯两种类型犯罪的罪犯。由于缺乏经验支持的工具以及使用缺乏针对这些犯罪者的规范的流行精算工具的不适当性，在线非接触犯罪者的累犯性难以评估，但是正在研究针对该人群的新措施（CPORT）。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Although teen pregnancy rates decreased dramatically in the United States over the past decade, the rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among adolescents and young adults increased. STI rates disproportionately affect African American youth and young adults. Innovative, accessible, and culturally relevant sexual health interventions are urgently needed. OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to identify the optimal modality for a game-based sexual health intervention; develop the educational, entertainment, and technological aspects of the serious game; and demonstrate its usability and acceptance by the target population. METHODS:This project was grounded in formative data collection with community-based participatory research principles and practices combined with a user-centered design and development approach. Sexually Active Adolescent-Focused Education (SAAFE) was developed using input and feedback from African American youths aged 15 to 21 years who participated in a youth advisory board and focus group discussions to inform the co-design and cocreation of the serious game. The process was highly iterative with multiple sessions for user input following design changes. It proceeded in 3 stages. Social cognitive theory and problem-solving theory were leveraged to provide evidence-based, trauma-informed education through a serious game. Usability testing assessed the quality of user experience with the prototype. RESULTS:Across all 3 stages, a total of 86 self-identified African American males and females aged 15 to 21 years from the District of Columbia and Birmingham, Alabama, participated. Participants requested a dating simulation game. They wanted SAAFE to be customizable, realistic, entertaining, educational, modern, and experiential, linking consequences to their gameplay decisions. Usability testing resulted in an initial System Usability Survey score of 77.7, placing the game in the 82nd percentile and above average for usability. CONCLUSIONS:Initial results suggest that the SAAFE prototype is a promising intervention to engage African American youth in sexual health education using a role-playing game. If proven efficacious, the game has the potential to meet the need for sex education, counterbalance unhealthy portrayals of sex in popular media, and respond to the disparities in the STI epidemic.

背景与目标： 背景：尽管在过去的十年中，美国的青少年怀孕率急剧下降，但青少年和年轻人中的性传播感染（STI）发生率却有所上升。性传播感染率对非裔美国青年和年轻人的影响不成比例。迫切需要创新，可及且与文化相关的性健康干预措施。
目的：本研究旨在确定基于游戏的性健康干预的最佳方式。开发严肃游戏的教育，娱乐和技术方面；并证明其可用性和目标人群的接受度。
方法：该项目的基础是形成性数据收集，结合基于社区的参与性研究原则和实践以及以用户为中心的设计和开发方法。性活跃的青少年重点教育（SAAFE）是根据15至21岁的非裔美国人青年的意见和反馈而开发的，这些青年参加了青年顾问委员会并进行了焦点小组讨论，为严肃游戏的共同设计和创作提供了信息。设计更改后，该过程是高度迭代的，有多个会话供用户输入。它分三个阶段进行。社会认知理论和解决问题的理论被用来通过认真的游戏提供基于证据的，具有创伤知识的教育。可用性测试评估了原型用户体验的质量。
结果：在所有三个阶段中，共有来自哥伦比亚特区和阿拉巴马州伯明翰的86位15至21岁的自我识别的非洲裔美国男性和女性参加了研究。参与者要求进行约会模拟游戏。他们希望SAAFE具有可定制性，现实性，娱乐性，教育性，现代性和体验性，并将其后果与他们的游戏决策联系起来。可用性测试得出的初始系统可用性调查得分为77.7，使该游戏在可用性上处于第82个百分位，并且高于平均水平。
结论：初步结果表明，SAAFE原型是一种有前途的干预措施，可通过使用角色扮演游戏让非洲裔美国年轻人参与性健康教育。如果经证明有效，那么这款游戏就有可能满足对性教育的需求，平衡大众媒体对性的不良描写，并应对性传播疾病中的性别差异。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To investigate whether the presence of persistent self-reported oral lesions (PSOLs) is associated with sexual behaviors and with the presence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in individuals aged 16-25 years in the state capitals of Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Data from the POP-Brazil study were analyzed. An association analysis was performed by Poisson regression with the presence of PSOLs as the outcome. The exposure variables were the age at first sexual intercourse, the number of partners, oral sex practice, and aspects of condom use for model 1, and the presence of a self-reported STI or a positive rapid test for HIV/syphilis and the presence of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) for model 2. The results were adjusted for socioeconomic variables. RESULTS:The prevalence of PSOLs was 76% higher among individuals who had two or more sexual partners in the past year (p = 0.046) and 68% higher in those who reported not using condoms for contraception (p = 0.032). The group with HIV/syphilis or self-reported STI had a 140% higher PSOL prevalence (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS:The self-report of oral lesions in adolescents and young adults may suggest risky sexual behavior and the presence of STI. CLINICAL RELEVANCE:It is necessary to contextualize the reality of the young person to optimize oral health care.

背景与目标： 目的：调查在巴西州首府16-25岁的人群中，持续自我报告的口腔损伤（PSOL）的存在是否与性行为以及性传播感染（STI）的存在有关。
材料与方法：对来自POP-巴西研究的数据进行了分析。通过Poisson回归进行关联分析，并以PSOLs作为结果。暴露变量是第一次性交的年龄，伴侣的数量，口交行为以及模型1使用安全套的方面，是否存在自我报告的性传播感染或对HIV /梅毒的快速快速检测以及是否存在模型2的生殖器人类乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的检测结果。根据社会经济变量对结果进行了调整。
结果：在过去的一年中，有两个或多个性伴侣的人中PSOLs的患病率高76％（p = 0.046），而那些不使用避孕套进行避孕的人（p = 0.032）则高68％。 HIV /梅毒或自我报告的性传播感染者的PSOL患病率高140％（p = 0.003）。
结论：青少年和青年人口腔损伤的自我报告可能提示危险的性行为和性传播感染的存在。
临床相关性：有必要根据年轻人的实际情况，以优化口腔保健。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A "state of the science" symposium brought together leaders in the two professions.

背景与目标： ：“科学状况”研讨会汇集了两个行业的领导者。