TITLE:Outcome of multiple cesarean sections in a tertiary maternity hospital in the United Arab Emirates. OBJECTIVE:To describe the operative outcomes, clinical findings, maternal morbidity and neonatal outcome associated with increasing numbers of cesarean deliveries. DESIGN:Retrospective study. SETTING:Corniche Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. POPULATION:The study cohort was 1008 women giving birth by cesarean section who had previously undergone one or more cesarean sections, who had a singleton pregnancy, and who were not in labor. METHODS:A retrospective study was undertaken over the one-year period from January 2016 to December 2016. Women were divided into five groups according to number of previous cesarean sections. The first group comprised of women who had one previous cesarean section, the second group women who had two previous cesarean sections, the third group consequently three previous cesarean sections and the fourth group four previous cesarean sections, whereas in the fifth group women had previously five or more previous cesarean sections. The maternal and neonatal outcomes of the groups were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS:The risks of placenta previa, placenta accreta, uterine dehiscence or rupture, postpartum hemorrhage, blood transfusion, bladder injury, lengths of operative time and hospital stay, and number of admissions to the high dependency unit increased with increasing numbers of previous cesarean sections. Women with five or more previous cesarean sections had a 10-fold increased risk of placenta previa (odds ratio [OR], 9.8; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 3.3-28.6), a 27 - fold increased risk of placenta accreta (OR, 26.5; 95 % CI, 4.2-166.3), and an 11-fold increased risk of uterine dehiscence or rupture (OR, 11.3; 95 % CI, 1.8-70.8). DISCUSSION:The results of our study indicate that serious maternal morbidity increases with increasing numbers of previous cesarean sections. Women planning large families should consider the risks of repeat cesarean sections when contemplating elective primary cesarean delivery or attempted vaginal birth after one previous cesarean section.