Self-regulation processes and violent contexts play an important role in predicting adolescents' aggressive behavior; less clear is how all three constructs are linked to each other over time. The present study examined the longitudinal relations among adolescents' self-reported effortful control (EC), exposure to community violence, both as a witness and as a victim, and aggressive behavior. Participants were 768 Italian adolescents (358 males) living in a high-risk context, with a mean age at T1 of 11 years in the younger cohort and 14 years in the older cohort. In a four-wave cross-lagged panel design, low EC was a strong predictor of aggressive behavior across each time point, whereas aggressive behavior was found to positively predict adolescents' violence exposure both as witnesses and victims. Some evidence of transactional relations was also found between adjustment problems and exposure to community violence and between EC and externalizing problems. Moreover, EC was indirectly related to exposure to violence through externalizing problems, and mediated the relation of witnessing community violence to aggression, thus supporting the view that top-down regulatory processes play a complex role in the development of violence and other externalizing problems. The importance of considering interventions that take in account these complex relations is discussed.

译文

自我调节过程和暴力环境在预测青少年的攻击行为中起着重要作用; 不太清楚的是随着时间的推移,所有三个结构如何相互联系。本研究调查了青少年自我报告的努力控制 (EC),作为证人和受害者暴露于社区暴力以及攻击行为之间的纵向关系。参与者为768名生活在高风险环境中的意大利青少年 (358名男性),在T1时,年轻队列的平均年龄为11岁,而老年队列的平均年龄为14岁。在四波交叉滞后面板设计中,低EC是每个时间点攻击行为的有力预测指标,而攻击行为被发现可以积极预测青少年作为证人和受害者的暴力暴露。在调整问题和社区暴力暴露之间以及欧共体和外部化问题之间,也发现了一些交易关系的证据。此外,欧共体通过外部化问题与暴力接触间接相关,并调解了目睹社区暴力与攻击的关系,从而支持自上而下的监管程序在暴力和其他外部化问题的发展中起着复杂作用的观点。讨论了考虑这些复杂关系的干预措施的重要性。

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