Commercialization of genetic technologies is expanding the horizons for the marketing and sales of genetic tests direct-to-consumers (DTCs). This study assesses the information provision and access requirements that are in place for genetic tests that are being advertised DTC over the Internet. Sets of key words specific to DTC genetic testing were entered into popular Internet search engines to generate a list of 24 companies engaging in DTC advertising. Company requirements for physician mediation, genetic counseling arrangements, and information provision were coded to develop categories for quantitative analysis within each variable. Results showed that companies offering risk assessment and diagnostic testing were most likely to require that testing be mediated by a clinician, and to recommend physician-arranged counseling. Companies offering enhancement testing were less likely to require physician mediation of services and more likely to provide long-distance genetic counseling. DTC advertisements often provided information on disease etiology; this was most common in the case of multifactorial diseases. The majority of companies cited outside sources to support the validity of claims about clinical utility of the tests being advertised; companies offering risk assessment tests most frequently cited all information sources. DTC advertising for genetic tests that lack independent professional oversight raises troubling questions about appropriate use and interpretation of these tests by consumers and carries implications for the standards of patient care. These implications are discussed in the context of a public healthcare system.

译文

基因技术的商业化正在扩大直接面向消费者的基因测试 (dtc) 的营销和销售的视野。这项研究评估了通过互联网宣传DTC的基因测试的信息提供和访问要求。特定于DTC基因测试的关键字集被输入到流行的Internet搜索引擎中,以生成24家从事DTC广告的公司的列表。公司对医生调解,遗传咨询安排和信息提供的要求进行了编码,以开发用于每个变量中定量分析的类别。结果表明,提供风险评估和诊断测试的公司最有可能要求由临床医生进行测试,并建议医生安排的咨询。提供增强测试的公司不太可能需要医生调解服务,而更有可能提供远程遗传咨询。DTC广告通常提供有关疾病病因的信息; 这在多因素疾病的情况下最常见。大多数公司引用外部来源来支持有关所宣传测试的临床实用性的主张的有效性; 提供风险评估测试的公司最常引用所有信息来源。缺乏独立专业监督的DTC基因测试广告引发了有关消费者对这些测试的适当使用和解释的令人困扰的问题,并对患者护理标准产生影响。这些含义将在公共医疗体系的背景下进行讨论。

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