Children's diets in their first 1000 days influence dietary preferences, eating habits, and long-term health. Yet the diets of most infants and toddlers in the United States do not conform to recommendations for optimal child nutrition. This narrative review examines whether marketing for infant formula and other commercial baby/toddler foods plays a role. The World Health Organization's International Code of Marketing Breast-milk Substitutes strongly encourages countries and manufacturers to prohibit marketing practices that discourage initiation of, and continued, breastfeeding. However, in the United States, widespread infant formula marketing negatively impacts breastfeeding. Research has also identified questionable marketing of toddler milks (formula/milk-based drinks for children aged 12-36 mo). The United States has relied exclusively on industry self-regulation, but US federal agencies and state and local governments could regulate problematic marketing of infant formula and toddler milks. Health providers and public health organizations should also provide guidance. However, further research is needed to better understand how marketing influences what and how caregivers feed their young children and inform potential interventions and regulatory solutions.

译文

儿童在头1000日的饮食会影响饮食偏好,饮食习惯和长期健康。然而,美国大多数婴幼儿的饮食不符合最佳儿童营养的建议。本叙述性评论研究了婴儿配方奶粉和其他商业婴儿/幼儿食品的营销是否起作用。世界卫生组织的《母乳代用品国际销售守则》强烈鼓励各国和制造商禁止阻止开始和继续母乳喂养的销售做法。然而,在美国,广泛的婴儿配方奶粉营销对母乳喂养产生了负面影响。研究还发现了可疑的幼儿牛奶 (针对12-36岁儿童的配方奶粉/牛奶饮料) 的营销。美国完全依靠行业自律,但美国联邦机构以及州和地方政府可以监管有问题的婴儿配方奶粉和幼儿奶的营销。卫生提供者和公共卫生组织也应提供指导。然而,需要进一步的研究,以更好地了解营销如何影响什么,以及如何照顾者喂养他们的幼儿,并告知潜在的干预措施和监管解决方案。

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