Our knowledge about, and the availability of, orthobiologic materials has increased exponentially in the last decade. Although previously confined to the experimental or animal-model realm, several orthobiologics have been shown to be useful in a variety of clinical situations. As surgical techniques in vascular anastomosis, soft-tissue coverage, limb salvage, and fracture stabilization have improved, the size and frequency of bony defects (commensurate with the severity of the initial injury) have increased, as well. Because all methods of managing segmental bony defects have drawbacks, a need remains for a readily available, void-filling, inexpensive bone substitute. Such a bone substitute fulfills a permissive role in allowing new bone to grow into a given defect. Such potential osteoconductive materials include ceramics, calcium sulfate or calcium phosphate compounds, hydroxyapatite, deproteinized bone, corals, and recently developed polymers. Some materials that have osteoinductive properties, such as demineralized bone matrix, also display prominent osteoconductive properties.

译文

在过去的十年中,我们对正交生物材料的了解和可用性呈指数增长。尽管以前仅限于实验或动物模型领域,但已显示几种原位生物制剂在各种临床情况下均有用。随着血管吻合,软组织覆盖,肢体挽救和骨折稳定方面的外科手术技术的改善,骨缺损的大小和频率 (与初始损伤的严重程度相称) 也增加了。由于所有处理节段性骨缺损的方法都有缺点,因此仍然需要一种容易获得的,填充空隙的,廉价的骨替代品。这种骨替代物在允许新骨长成给定的缺损方面发挥了允许的作用。此类潜在的骨传导材料包括陶瓷,硫酸钙或磷酸钙化合物,羟基磷灰石,脱蛋白骨,珊瑚和最近开发的聚合物。一些具有骨诱导特性的材料,如脱矿质骨基质,也显示出突出的骨传导特性。

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