Changes or innovations in gene regulatory networks for the developmental program in the ancestral chordate genome appear to be a major component in the evolutionary process in which tadpole-type larvae, a unique characteristic of chordates, arose. These alterations may include new genetic interactions as well as the acquisition of new regulatory genes. Previous analyses of the Ciona genome revealed that many genes may have emerged after the divergence of the tunicate and vertebrate lineages. In this paper, we examined this possibility by examining a second non-vertebrate chordate genome. We conclude from this analysis that the ancient chordate included almost the same repertory of regulatory genes, but less redundancy than extant vertebrates, and that approximately 10% of vertebrate regulatory genes were innovated after the emergence of vertebrates. Thus, refined regulatory networks arose during vertebrate evolution mainly as preexisting regulatory genes multiplied rather than by generating new regulatory genes. The inferred regulatory gene sets of the ancestral chordate would be an important foundation for understanding how tadpole-type larvae, a unique characteristic of chordates, evolved.

译文

祖先脊索动物基因组发育程序的基因调控网络的变化或创新似乎是进化过程中的主要组成部分,在进化过程中,the型幼虫是脊索动物的独特特征。这些改变可能包括新的遗传相互作用以及新调控基因的获取。先前对Ciona基因组的分析表明,在被膜和脊椎动物谱系分化之后,可能出现了许多基因。在本文中,我们通过检查第二个非脊椎动物脊索动物基因组来研究这种可能性。我们从该分析得出的结论是,古代脊索动物包含几乎相同的调控基因库,但比现存的脊椎动物少冗余,并且大约10% 的脊椎动物调控基因在脊椎动物出现后被创新。因此,在脊椎动物进化过程中出现了完善的调控网络,主要是由于先前存在的调控基因成倍增加,而不是通过产生新的调控基因。推断出的祖先脊索动物的调控基因集将是了解The型幼虫 (脊索动物的独特特征) 如何进化的重要基础。

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