Sexual eukaryotes reproduce via the meiotic cell division, where ploidy is halved and homologous chromosomes undergo reciprocal genetic exchange, termed crossover (CO). CO frequency has a profound effect on patterns of genetic variation and species evolution. Relative CO rates vary extensively both within and between plant genomes. Plant genome size varies by over 1000-fold, largely due to differential expansion of repetitive sequences, and increased genome size is associated with reduced CO frequency. Gene versus repeat sequences associate with distinct chromatin modifications, and evidence from plant genomes indicates that this epigenetic information influences CO patterns. This is consistent with data from diverse eukaryotes that demonstrate the importance of chromatin structure for control of meiotic recombination. In this review I will discuss CO frequency patterns in plant genomes and recent advances in understanding recombination distributions.

译文

有性真核生物通过减数分裂细胞分裂繁殖,倍性减半,同源染色体经历相互的遗传交换,称为交叉 (CO)。CO频率对遗传变异和物种进化的模式有深远的影响。植物基因组内部和之间的相对CO速率差异很大。植物基因组大小变化超过1000倍,这主要是由于重复序列的差异扩展,并且增加的基因组大小与减少的CO频率相关。基因与重复序列与明显的染色质修饰相关,来自植物基因组的证据表明,这种表观遗传信息会影响CO模式。这与来自各种真核生物的数据一致,这些数据证明了染色质结构对控制减数分裂重组的重要性。在这篇综述中,我将讨论植物基因组中的CO频率模式以及理解重组分布的最新进展。

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