This study aimed to determine the frequency and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Australian animals and whether animal-derived MRSA was similar to that from Australian veterinarians. A total of 1,080 clinical coagulase positive Staphylococcus isolates from Australian animals were collected during 2013. Sixteen (4%) of 360 S. aureus isolates were MRSA. Most MRSA came from companion animals, while none came from livestock. MRSA isolates were characterized using whole genome sequencing. ST22-IV (EMRSA-15) was the most common clone in dogs and cats. Clonal complex (CC) 8 was most common in horses. Most ST22-IV isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Animal-derived MRSA genomes were interrogated for the presence of host-specific genetic markers (staphylokinase gene [scn], chemotaxis-inhibiting proteins gene [chp], staphylococcal complement inhibitor gene [sak], enterotoxin A gene [sea], and Von Willebrand Factor binding protein gene [vwb]). A subset of MRSA genomes previously collected from Australian veterinarians was also interrogated. There was no clear pattern in the distribution of host-specific markers among animal and veterinarian isolates. Animal- and veterinarian-derived MRSA were intermingled in the phylogenetic tree. The absence of MRSA in Australian livestock is in stark contrast with its presence in livestock from other countries. Possible explanations include Australia's geographic isolation, the absence of live animal importation into Australia, and most notably, the restrictions placed on the use of antimicrobials of critical importance in Australian livestock.

译文

这项研究旨在确定澳大利亚动物耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 (MRSA) 的频率和分子流行病学,以及动物来源的MRSA是否与澳大利亚兽医相似。2013年共收集了来自澳大利亚动物的1,080株临床凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌。360株金黄色葡萄球菌中的16株 (4% 株) 为MRSA。大多数MRSA来自伴侣动物,而没有来自牲畜。使用全基因组测序对MRSA分离株进行鉴定。ST22-IV (EMRSA-15) 是狗和猫中最常见的克隆。克隆复合体 (CC) 8在马中最常见。大多数ST22-IV分离株对环丙沙星耐药。询问动物来源的MRSA基因组是否存在宿主特异性遗传标记 (葡萄球菌激酶基因 [scn],趋化性抑制蛋白基因 [chp],葡萄球菌补体抑制剂基因 [sak],肠毒素A基因 [sea] 和Von Willebrand因子结合蛋白基因 [vwb])。还询问了先前从澳大利亚兽医那里收集的MRSA基因组的子集。在动物和兽医分离株中,宿主特异性标记的分布没有明确的模式。动物和兽医来源的MRSA混合在系统发育树中。澳大利亚牲畜中没有MRSA与其他国家的牲畜中存在的MRSA形成鲜明对比。可能的解释包括澳大利亚的地理隔离,没有活体动物进口到澳大利亚,最值得注意的是,对在澳大利亚牲畜中使用至关重要的抗菌剂的限制。

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