In the couse of evolution, calcium has emerged as the most versatile intracellular messenger. Its concentration within cells is controlled by reversible binding to specific protein acting as sensors to decode its information. The decoding operation is based on specific conformational changes in these sensor proteins. Other proteins intrinsic to membranes (plasma membrane, endosarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, nuclear envelope) simply control calcium concentration by transporting it across membrane boundaries. Calcium is an ambivalent signaling agent. It carries information to all processes important to cell life, including excitation-contraction coupling, secretion, gene transcription and enzyme activity through protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation. However, it also transmits signals that promote programmed demise of cells and, when escaping control, it may also precipitate toxic cell death.

译文

在进化过程中,钙已成为最通用的细胞内信使。其在细胞内的浓度通过与作为传感器解码其信息的特定蛋白质的可逆结合来控制。解码操作基于这些传感器蛋白的特定构象变化。膜固有的其他蛋白质 (质膜,内质网,线粒体,核膜) 通过跨膜边界运输钙来控制钙浓度。钙是一种矛盾的信号传导剂。它为所有对细胞生命重要的过程提供信息,包括通过蛋白质磷酸化-去磷酸化的激发-收缩偶联,分泌,基因转录和酶活性。但是,它还传输促进细胞程序性死亡的信号,并且在逃避控制时,它还可能沉淀有毒细胞死亡。

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