African swine fever (ASF) is a major limiting factor for pig production in most of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian Ocean. In the absence of vaccine, a good understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of the disease is fundamental to implement effective control measures. In selected countries of Southern and East Africa, the association between Ornithodoros moubata ticks and warthogs has been described in detail in the literature. However, for many other countries in the region, information related to the sylvatic cycle is lacking or incomplete. In West African countries, for instance, the role of wild pigs in the epidemiology of ASF has never been demonstrated and the existence and potential impact of a sylvatic cycle involving an association between soft ticks and warthogs is questionable. In other countries, other wild pig species such as the bushpigs (Potamochoerus spp.) can also be asymptomatically infected by the virus but their role in the epidemiology of the disease is unclear and might differ according to geographic regions. In addition, the methods and techniques required to study the role of wild hosts in ASF virus (ASFV) epidemiology and ecology are very specific and differ from the more traditional methods to study domestic pigs or other tick species. The aim of this review is (i) to provide a descriptive list of the methodologies implemented to study the role of wild hosts in African swine fever, (ii) to compile the available knowledge about the sylvatic cycle of ASFV in different regions of Sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian Ocean in addition to the one that has been described for East and Southern Africa, and (iii) to discuss current methodologies and available knowledge in order to identify new orientations for further field and experimental surveys.

译文

非洲猪发热 (ASF) 是撒哈拉以南非洲和印度洋大多数国家生猪生产的主要限制因素。在没有疫苗的情况下,充分了解疾病的生态学和流行病学是实施有效控制措施的基础。在南部和东部非洲的某些国家/地区,文献中已详细描述了鸟鸟和疣猪之间的联系。但是,对于该区域的许多其他国家来说,与sylvatic循环有关的信息缺乏或不完整。例如,在西非国家,野猪在ASF流行病学中的作用从未得到证实,涉及软蜱和疣猪之间关联的三角循环的存在和潜在影响值得怀疑。在其他国家/地区,其他野生猪物种 (例如丛林猪 (Potamochoerus spp。)) 也可能被该病毒无症状感染,但其在疾病流行病学中的作用尚不清楚,并且可能因地理区域而异。此外,研究野生宿主在ASF病毒 (ASFV) 流行病学和生态学中的作用所需的方法和技术非常具体,并且与研究家猪或其他tick物种的更传统方法不同。这篇综述的目的是 (i) 提供一份用于研究野生宿主在非洲猪发热中的作用的方法的描述性列表,(ii) 汇编关于撒哈拉以南非洲和印度洋不同地区ASFV的sylvatic循环的现有知识,以及已经描述的东非和南部非洲的知识,(iii) 讨论当前的方法和可用知识,以便为进一步的现场和实验调查确定新的方向。

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