Manipulation of the corticosteroid milieu by interfering with the mother-newborn relationship has received much attention because of its potential bearing on psychopathology later in life. In the present study, infant rats that were deprived of maternal contact between the 2nd and the 15th postnatal days (MS2-15) for 6 h/day were subjected to a systematic assessment of neurodevelopmental milestones between postnatal days 2 and 21. The analyses included measurements of physical growth and maturation and evaluation of neurological reflexes. Although some somatic milestones (e.g. eye opening) were anticipated, MS2-15 animals showed retardation in the acquisition of postural reflex, air righting and surface righting reflexes, and in the wire suspension test; the latter two abnormalities were only found in males. A gender effect was also observed in negative geotaxis, with retardation being observed in females but not males. To better understand the delay of neurological maturation in MS2-15 rats, we determined the levels of various monoamines in different regions of the brain stem, including the vestibular area, the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and dorsal raphe nuclei. In the vestibular region of MS2-15 rats the levels of 5-HT were reduced, while 5-HT turnover was increased. There was also a significant increase of the 5-HT turnover in MS2-15 animals in the raphe nuclei, mainly due to increased 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels, and an increase of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of stressed females. No significant differences were found in the immunohistochemical sections for tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylase in these regions of the brain stem. In conclusion, the present results show that postnatal stress induces signs of neurological pathology that may contribute to the genesis of behavioral abnormalities later in life.

译文

:通过干扰母亲与新生儿的关系来操纵皮质类固醇环境受到了广泛的关注,因为它有可能影响以后的心理病理学。在本研究中,对在出生后第2天和第15天(MS2-15)之间失去母体接触6小时/天的母鼠进行了系统的评估,在出生后第2天到第21天之间神经发育具有里程碑意义。身体生长和成熟的测量以及神经反射的评估。尽管可以预见会有一些身体上的里程碑(例如睁眼),但MS2-15动物在姿势反射,空气正直和表面正直反射的获得以及钢丝悬吊测试中表现出迟缓性;后两个异常仅在男性中发现。在负地轴方向上也观察到性别效应,在雌性中观察到发育迟缓,而雄性中观察不到。为了更好地了解MS2-15大鼠神经系统成熟的延迟,我们确定了脑干不同区域(包括前庭区,黑质,腹侧被盖区和背ra核)中各种单胺的水平。在MS2-15大鼠的前庭区域,5-HT水平降低,而5-HT周转增加。缝核中MS2-15动物中5-HT的转换也显着增加,这主要是由于5-羟基吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)水平的增加和3,4-二羟基苯基乙酸(DOPAC)的增加压力女性腹侧被盖区(VTA)的水平。在脑干的这些区域中,酪氨酸和色氨酸羟化酶的免疫组织化学切片未发现明显差异。总之,本研究结果表明,产后应激会诱发神经病理学征象,这可能有助于以后生活中行为异常的发生。

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