BACKGROUND:Although factors such as adverse family background have been widely examined, little is known about the prevalence or potential impact of developmental language disorder (DLD) on risk of recidivism in young people with history of criminal justice system contact. METHODS:A total of 145 young offenders participated. An adversity score was constructed based on information found in youth justice service records. Data collected included standardised measures of expressive and receptive language, nonverbal IQ and the inventory of callous-unemotional traits. Survival analysis was performed to examine differences in reoffending risk between young offenders with and without DLD. RESULTS:The cumulative incidence of reoffending within a year of the young person's court order was markedly raised in the DLD group (62%; 95% CI 52, 72) versus the non-DLD group (25%; 95% CI 16, 39). Furthermore, in the final multivariable survival analysis the independent elevation in risk linked with DLD was not greatly attenuated with adjustment for nonverbal IQ, adversity score, age at first offence, number of previous offences and deprivation score. DLD was the most significant predictor with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.61 (95% CI 1.80, 3.78). CONCLUSIONS:Young offenders with DLD are more than twice as likely to reoffend than their unaffected offending peers. DLD is a powerful predictor of recidivism above and beyond other known risk factors.

译文

背景:尽管已经对家庭不利背景等因素进行了广泛研究,但对于有刑事司法系统接触史的年轻人,发展性语言障碍(DLD)的发生率或潜在的累犯风险知之甚少。
方法:共有145名年轻罪犯参加。根据青少年司法服务记录中的信息建立了逆境得分。收集的数据包括表达和接受语言的标准化测量,非语言智商和无情-不动特征的清单。进行了生存分析,以检查有无DLD的年轻罪犯之间再犯风险的差异。
结果:与非DLD组相比,DLD组(62%; 95%CI 52,72)显着提高了青少年法院命令后一年内再次犯罪的累积发生率。 )。此外,在最终的多变量生存分析中,通过调整非语言智商,逆境评分,初犯年龄,先前犯罪次数和剥夺分数,并没有大大减轻与DLD相关的独立风险升高。 DLD是最重要的预测因子,调整后的危险比为2.61(95%CI 1.80,3.78)。
结论:患有DLD的年轻罪犯重新犯罪的可能性是其未受影响罪犯的两倍。 DLD是超越其他已知风险因素的累犯的有力预测指标。

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